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Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure question

2024 · 31 Jan · Shift 2 · Q12
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  5. /2024 · 31 Jan · Shift 2 · Q12

Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure question

2024 · 31 Jan · Shift 2 · Q12

JEE MainChemistryChemical Bonding and Molecular StructureMCQ+4 / −1
Which of the following is least ionic?
  1. A
    CoCl 2_22​
  2. B
    KCl
  3. C
    BaCl 2_22​
  4. D
    AgCl
View written solutionFree

Correct answer: D

  1. Use Fajans' rule
    The extent of covalent character in an ionic compound increases when:

    • the cation is small and/or highly charged  strong polarising power,
    • the anion is large and easily polarised.

    Since all compounds contain the same anion, Cl−\text{Cl}^-Cl−, we compare mainly the cations.

  2. Compare the cations

    • K+\text{K}^+K+: alkali metal ion, large, low charge density ⇒\Rightarrow⇒ weak polarisation ⇒\Rightarrow⇒ compound is highly ionic.
    • Ba2+\text{Ba}^{2+}Ba2+: larger than many 2+2+2+ ions, so though charge is +2+2+2, polarising power is moderate.
    • Co2+\text{Co}^{2+}Co2+: transition metal ion, smaller and with greater polarising power than Ba2+\text{Ba}^{2+}Ba2+, so CoCl2\text{CoCl}_2CoCl2​ has more covalent character.
    • Ag+\text{Ag}^+Ag+: despite being only +1+1+1, it is a d-block cation with poor shielding by ddd-electrons, so it has appreciable polarising power and forms compounds with significant covalent character.
  3. Expected ionic character order A rough order is: KCl>BaCl2>CoCl2>AgCl\text{KCl} > \text{BaCl}_2 > \text{CoCl}_2 > \text{AgCl}KCl>BaCl2​>CoCl2​>AgCl in ionic character.

    Hence, the least ionic (i.e. most covalent among these) is: AgCl\boxed{\text{AgCl}}AgCl​

  4. Option check

    • A: CoCl2\text{CoCl}_2CoCl2​  less ionic than KCl/BaCl2_22​, but not the least.
    • B: KCl\text{KCl}KCl  most ionic.
    • C: BaCl2\text{BaCl}_2BaCl2​  quite ionic.
    • D: AgCl\text{AgCl}AgCl  least ionic.

Therefore, the correct option is D.

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