JEE MainChemistryChemical Bonding and Molecular StructureNumerical+4 / −1
Amongst , , , , and , the number of molecules with non-zero net dipole moment is .
Numerical answer
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Correct answer: 3
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To find the number of molecules with non-zero net dipole moment, we must check:
- whether the individual bonds are polar, and
- whether the molecular geometry causes the bond dipoles to cancel.
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Now examine each molecule:
(i)
- Shape: linear
- Two bonds are polar, but they are equal and opposite.
- Hence dipole moments cancel.
- Net dipole moment
(ii)
- Shape: trigonal planar
- Three bonds are polar, but arranged symmetrically at .
- Their vector sum is zero.
- Net dipole moment
(iii)
- Shape: bent (due to two lone pairs on O)
- bonds are polar.
- Because of bent geometry, dipoles do not cancel.
- Net dipole moment
(iv)
- Shape: trigonal pyramidal (one lone pair on N)
- bonds are polar.
- Due to pyramidal shape, dipoles do not cancel.
- Net dipole moment
(v)
- Shape: tetrahedral
- Four bonds are polar, but arranged symmetrically.
- Dipoles cancel.
- Net dipole moment
(vi)
- Diatomic molecule
- bond is polar.
- In a diatomic molecule, net dipole is just the bond dipole.
- Net dipole moment
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Molecules with non-zero dipole moment are:
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Therefore, the total number is:
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