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Impulse and Momentum question

2021 · Shift 2 · Q48
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Impulse and Momentum question

2021 · Shift 2 · Q48

JEE AdvancedPhysicsImpulse and MomentumNumerical+2 / −1
A pendulum consists of a bob of mass m = 0.1 kg and a massless inextensible string of length L = 1.0 m. It is suspended from a fixed point at height H = 0.9 m above a frictionless horizontal floor. Initially, the bob of the pendulum is lying on the floor at rest vertically below the point of suspension. A horizontal impulse P = 0.2 kg-m/s is imparted to the bob at some instant. After the bob slides for some distance, the string becomes taut and the bob lifts off the floor. The magnitude of the angular momentum of the pendulum about the point of suspension just before the bob lifts off is J kg-m2/s. The kinetic energy of the pendulum just after the lift-off is K Joules. The value of K is ‾\underline{\hspace{2cm}}​.
Numerical answer
View written solutionFree

Correct answer: 0.16

  1. Understand the setup

    • Mass of bob: m=0.1 kgm=0.1\,\text{kg}m=0.1kg
    • String length: L=1.0 mL=1.0\,\text{m}L=1.0m
    • Height of suspension point above floor: H=0.9 mH=0.9\,\text{m}H=0.9m
    • Horizontal impulse given: P=0.2 kg m/sP=0.2\,\text{kg m/s}P=0.2kg m/s

    Since the bob is initially on the floor vertically below the support, the vertical distance from support to floor is H=0.9 mH=0.9\,\text{m}H=0.9m, while string length is L=1.0 mL=1.0\,\text{m}L=1.0m.

    Therefore initially the string is slack by L−H=1.0−0.9=0.1 m.L-H=1.0-0.9=0.1\,\text{m}.L−H=1.0−0.9=0.1m.

  2. Motion before the string becomes taut

    The bob lies on the frictionless floor, so it can move only horizontally while on the floor.

    The impulse PPP gives the bob horizontal momentum p=P=0.2 kg m/s.p=P=0.2\,\text{kg m/s}.p=P=0.2kg m/s.

    Hence its speed just after impulse is v=Pm=0.20.1=2 m/s.v=\frac{P}{m}=\frac{0.2}{0.1}=2\,\text{m/s}.v=mP​=0.10.2​=2m/s.

    Since the floor is frictionless and the string is slack, the bob continues with constant horizontal speed 2 m/s2\,\text{m/s}2m/s until the string becomes taut.

  3. When does the string become taut?

    Let the support be at height H=0.9H=0.9H=0.9 m above the floor. While the bob is on the floor, its vertical distance below the support remains 0.90.90.9 m.

    If the bob has moved horizontally by distance xxx, then the distance from support to bob is x2+H2.\sqrt{x^2+H^2}.x2+H2​.

    The string becomes taut when this distance equals L=1.0L=1.0L=1.0 m: x2+0.92=1.0.\sqrt{x^2+0.9^2}=1.0.x2+0.92​=1.0. Squaring, x2+0.81=1,x^2+0.81=1,x2+0.81=1, x2=0.19,x^2=0.19,x2=0.19, x=0.19.x=\sqrt{0.19}.x=0.19​.

  4. Angular momentum about the point of suspension just before lift-off

    Just before lift-off, the bob is still moving horizontally with momentum magnitude p=mv=0.2 kg m/s.p=mv=0.2\,\text{kg m/s}.p=mv=0.2kg m/s.

    Angular momentum about the support is J=p×(perpendicular distance from support to line of motion).J = p \times (\text{perpendicular distance from support to line of motion}).J=p×(perpendicular distance from support to line of motion).

    The line of motion is horizontal along the floor, whose perpendicular distance from the support is simply H=0.9H=0.9H=0.9 m.

    Therefore, J=pH=0.2×0.9=0.18 kg m2/s.J = pH = 0.2 \times 0.9 = 0.18\,\text{kg m}^2/\text{s}.J=pH=0.2×0.9=0.18kg m2/s.

  5. Speed just after lift-off

    At the instant the string becomes taut, the impulsive tension can only remove the radial component of velocity; the tangential component remains.

    Let θ\thetaθ be the angle the string makes with the vertical at lift-off. Then cos⁡θ=HL=0.91=0.9,\cos\theta = \frac{H}{L} = \frac{0.9}{1} = 0.9,cosθ=LH​=10.9​=0.9, sin⁡θ=xL=0.19.\sin\theta = \frac{x}{L} = \sqrt{0.19}.sinθ=Lx​=0.19​.

    The bob's velocity just before tautening is horizontal: v=2v=2v=2 m/s.

    The tangential component relative to circular motion is equal to vt=JmL.v_t = \frac{J}{mL}.vt​=mLJ​.

    Using J=0.18J=0.18J=0.18, vt=0.180.1×1=1.8 m/s.v_t = \frac{0.18}{0.1\times 1} = 1.8\,\text{m/s}.vt​=0.1×10.18​=1.8m/s.

    This is the speed just after lift-off.

  6. Kinetic energy just after lift-off

    Therefore, K=12mvt2=12(0.1)(1.8)2.K = \frac12 m v_t^2 = \frac12 (0.1)(1.8)^2.K=21​mvt2​=21​(0.1)(1.8)2. K=0.05×3.24=0.162 J.K = 0.05 \times 3.24 = 0.162\,\text{J}.K=0.05×3.24=0.162J.

    Hence, K≈0.16 J.K \approx 0.16\,\text{J}.K≈0.16J.

  7. Final answer

    0.16\boxed{0.16}0.16​

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