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Heat and Thermodynamics question

2015 · Shift 1 · Q43
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Heat and Thermodynamics question

2015 · Shift 1 · Q43

JEE AdvancedPhysicsHeat and ThermodynamicsMultiple correct+4 / −2
A container of fixed volume has a mixture of one mole of hydrogen and one mole of helium in equilibrium at temperature T. Assuming the gases are ideal, the correct statement(s) is(are)
  1. A
    The average energy per mole of the gas mixture is 2RT
  2. B
    The ratio of speed of sound in the gas mixture to that in helium gas is 65\sqrt {{6 \over 5}}56​​
  3. C
    The ratio of the rms speed of helium atoms to that of hydrogen molecules is 12{1 \over 2}21​
  4. D
    The ratio of the rms speed of helium atoms to that of hydrogen molecules is 12{1 \over {\sqrt 2 }}2​1​
View written solutionFree

Correct answer: A, B, D

Analysis of the Statements

Let's analyze each statement step-by-step. We are given a mixture of 1 mole of hydrogen (H2H_2H2​) and 1 mole of helium (He) in a container of fixed volume at temperature T. Both gases are assumed to be ideal.

A: The average energy per mole of the gas mixture is 2RT

  1. Internal Energy of an Ideal Gas: The internal energy (U) of nnn moles of an ideal gas with fff degrees of freedom per molecule is given by the formula U=nf2RTU = n \frac{f}{2} RTU=n2f​RT, where R is the universal gas constant.

  2. Hydrogen (H2H_2H2​): Hydrogen is a diatomic gas. At temperature T (assuming it's not high enough for vibrational modes to be active), it has 3 translational and 2 rotational degrees of freedom. So, fH2=5f_{H_2} = 5fH2​​=5. The internal energy of 1 mole of hydrogen is: UH2=1×52RT=52RTU_{H_2} = 1 \times \frac{5}{2} RT = \frac{5}{2} RTUH2​​=1×25​RT=25​RT

  3. Helium (He): Helium is a monatomic gas. It has only 3 translational degrees of freedom. So, fHe=3f_{He} = 3fHe​=3. The internal energy of 1 mole of helium is: UHe=1×32RT=32RTU_{He} = 1 \times \frac{3}{2} RT = \frac{3}{2} RTUHe​=1×23​RT=23​RT

  4. Total Internal Energy of the Mixture: The total internal energy of the mixture is the sum of the internal energies of its components. Umix=UH2+UHe=52RT+32RT=82RT=4RTU_{mix} = U_{H_2} + U_{He} = \frac{5}{2} RT + \frac{3}{2} RT = \frac{8}{2} RT = 4RTUmix​=UH2​​+UHe​=25​RT+23​RT=28​RT=4RT

  5. Average Energy per Mole: The mixture contains a total of ntotal=nH2+nHe=1+1=2n_{total} = n_{H_2} + n_{He} = 1 + 1 = 2ntotal​=nH2​​+nHe​=1+1=2 moles. The average energy per mole of the mixture is: Eavg,mole=Umixntotal=4RT2=2RTE_{avg, mole} = \frac{U_{mix}}{n_{total}} = \frac{4RT}{2} = 2RTEavg,mole​=ntotal​Umix​​=24RT​=2RT

    Thus, statement A is correct.

B: The ratio of speed of sound in the gas mixture to that in helium gas is 65\sqrt {{6 \over 5}}56​​

  1. Speed of Sound: The speed of sound in an ideal gas is given by v=γRTMv = \sqrt{\frac{\gamma RT}{M}}v=MγRT​​, where γ\gammaγ is the adiabatic index and M is the molar mass.

  2. For Helium Gas:

    • Molar mass: MHe=4M_{He} = 4MHe​=4 g/mol.
    • Adiabatic index for a monatomic gas: γHe=CpCv=5R/23R/2=53\gamma_{He} = \frac{C_p}{C_v} = \frac{5R/2}{3R/2} = \frac{5}{3}γHe​=Cv​Cp​​=3R/25R/2​=35​.
    • Speed of sound in Helium: vHe=γHeRTMHe=5RT3MHev_{He} = \sqrt{\frac{\gamma_{He} RT}{M_{He}}} = \sqrt{\frac{5RT}{3M_{He}}}vHe​=MHe​γHe​RT​​=3MHe​5RT​​.
  3. For the Gas Mixture:

    • Average molar mass: Mmix=nH2MH2+nHeMHenH2+nHe=1(2)+1(4)1+1=62=3M_{mix} = \frac{n_{H_2}M_{H_2} + n_{He}M_{He}}{n_{H_2} + n_{He}} = \frac{1(2) + 1(4)}{1+1} = \frac{6}{2} = 3Mmix​=nH2​​+nHe​nH2​​MH2​​+nHe​MHe​​=1+11(2)+1(4)​=26​=3 g/mol.
    • Molar specific heat at constant volume for the mixture: Cv,mix=nH2Cv,H2+nHeCv,HenH2+nHe=1(5R/2)+1(3R/2)2=8R/22=2RC_{v, mix} = \frac{n_{H_2}C_{v, H_2} + n_{He}C_{v, He}}{n_{H_2} + n_{He}} = \frac{1(5R/2) + 1(3R/2)}{2} = \frac{8R/2}{2} = 2RCv,mix​=nH2​​+nHe​nH2​​Cv,H2​​+nHe​Cv,He​​=21(5R/2)+1(3R/2)​=28R/2​=2R.
    • Molar specific heat at constant pressure for the mixture: Cp,mix=Cv,mix+R=2R+R=3RC_{p, mix} = C_{v, mix} + R = 2R + R = 3RCp,mix​=Cv,mix​+R=2R+R=3R.
    • Adiabatic index for the mixture: γmix=Cp,mixCv,mix=3R2R=32\gamma_{mix} = \frac{C_{p, mix}}{C_{v, mix}} = \frac{3R}{2R} = \frac{3}{2}γmix​=Cv,mix​Cp,mix​​=2R3R​=23​.
    • Speed of sound in the mixture: vmix=γmixRTMmix=3RT2Mmixv_{mix} = \sqrt{\frac{\gamma_{mix} RT}{M_{mix}}} = \sqrt{\frac{3RT}{2M_{mix}}}vmix​=Mmix​γmix​RT​​=2Mmix​3RT​​.
  4. Ratio of Speeds: vmixvHe=γmixRTMmixγHeRTMHe=γmixMmix⋅MHeγHe=3/23⋅45/3=12⋅125=65\frac{v_{mix}}{v_{He}} = \frac{\sqrt{\frac{\gamma_{mix} RT}{M_{mix}}}}{\sqrt{\frac{\gamma_{He} RT}{M_{He}}}} = \sqrt{\frac{\gamma_{mix}}{M_{mix}} \cdot \frac{M_{He}}{\gamma_{He}}} = \sqrt{\frac{3/2}{3} \cdot \frac{4}{5/3}} = \sqrt{\frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{12}{5}} = \sqrt{\frac{6}{5}}vHe​vmix​​=MHe​γHe​RT​​Mmix​γmix​RT​​​=Mmix​γmix​​⋅γHe​MHe​​​=33/2​⋅5/34​​=21​⋅512​​=56​​

    Thus, statement B is correct.

C: The ratio of the rms speed of helium atoms to that of hydrogen molecules is 12{1 \over 2}21​ D: The ratio of the rms speed of helium atoms to that of hydrogen molecules is 12{1 \over {\sqrt 2 }}2​1​

  1. RMS Speed: The root-mean-square (rms) speed of gas molecules is given by vrms=3RTMv_{rms} = \sqrt{\frac{3RT}{M}}vrms​=M3RT​​.

  2. Thermal Equilibrium: Since the gases are in equilibrium, they are at the same temperature T.

  3. RMS Speed of Helium: vrms,He=3RTMHe=3RT4v_{rms, He} = \sqrt{\frac{3RT}{M_{He}}} = \sqrt{\frac{3RT}{4}}vrms,He​=MHe​3RT​​=43RT​​.

  4. RMS Speed of Hydrogen: vrms,H2=3RTMH2=3RT2v_{rms, H_2} = \sqrt{\frac{3RT}{M_{H_2}}} = \sqrt{\frac{3RT}{2}}vrms,H2​​=MH2​​3RT​​=23RT​​.

  5. Ratio of RMS Speeds: vrms,Hevrms,H2=3RTMHe3RTMH2=MH2MHe=24=12=12\frac{v_{rms, He}}{v_{rms, H_2}} = \frac{\sqrt{\frac{3RT}{M_{He}}}}{\sqrt{\frac{3RT}{M_{H_2}}}} = \sqrt{\frac{M_{H_2}}{M_{He}}} = \sqrt{\frac{2}{4}} = \sqrt{\frac{1}{2}} = \frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}vrms,H2​​vrms,He​​=MH2​​3RT​​MHe​3RT​​​=MHe​MH2​​​​=42​​=21​​=2​1​

    Thus, statement D is correct, and statement C is incorrect.

Conclusion: The correct statements are A, B, and D.

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