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Heat and Thermodynamics question

2015 · Shift 1 · Q42
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Heat and Thermodynamics question

2015 · Shift 1 · Q42

JEE AdvancedPhysicsHeat and ThermodynamicsNumerical+4 / −1
Two spherical stars A and B emit blackbody radiation. The radius of A is 400 times that of B and A emits 104 times the power emitted from B. The ratio (λAλB)\left( {{{{\lambda _A}} \over {{\lambda _B}}}} \right)(λB​λA​​) of their wavelengths λA{{\lambda _A}}λA​ and λB{{\lambda _B}}λB​ at which the peaks occur in their respective radiation curves is
Numerical answer
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Correct answer: 2

The user wants me to solve a physics problem involving blackbody radiation from two spherical stars, A and B. I need to find the ratio of their peak emission wavelengths, λAλB\frac{\lambda_A}{\lambda_B}λB​λA​​.

Step-by-Step Solution:

  1. Identify the relevant physical laws. The power radiated by a blackbody is described by the Stefan-Boltzmann Law, and the relationship between the peak wavelength of emission and temperature is given by Wien's Displacement Law.

  2. Apply the Stefan-Boltzmann Law. The power (P) radiated by a spherical blackbody is given by: P=σAT4=σ(4πR2)T4P = \sigma A T^4 = \sigma (4\pi R^2) T^4P=σAT4=σ(4πR2)T4 where σ\sigmaσ is the Stefan-Boltzmann constant, RRR is the radius, and TTT is the surface temperature.

    For star A: PA=σ(4πRA2)TA4P_A = \sigma (4\pi R_A^2) T_A^4PA​=σ(4πRA2​)TA4​ For star B: PB=σ(4πRB2)TB4P_B = \sigma (4\pi R_B^2) T_B^4PB​=σ(4πRB2​)TB4​

  3. Use the given information to find the ratio of temperatures. We are given:

    • The ratio of radii: RARB=400\frac{R_A}{R_B} = 400RB​RA​​=400
    • The ratio of emitted powers: PAPB=104\frac{P_A}{P_B} = 10^4PB​PA​​=104

    Let's take the ratio of the powers of the two stars: PAPB=σ(4πRA2)TA4σ(4πRB2)TB4=(RARB)2(TATB)4\frac{P_A}{P_B} = \frac{\sigma (4\pi R_A^2) T_A^4}{\sigma (4\pi R_B^2) T_B^4} = \left( \frac{R_A}{R_B} \right)^2 \left( \frac{T_A}{T_B} \right)^4PB​PA​​=σ(4πRB2​)TB4​σ(4πRA2​)TA4​​=(RB​RA​​)2(TB​TA​​)4

    Substitute the given values into this equation: 104=(400)2(TATB)410^4 = (400)^2 \left( \frac{T_A}{T_B} \right)^4104=(400)2(TB​TA​​)4

    Now, solve for the ratio of temperatures, TATB\frac{T_A}{T_B}TB​TA​​: (TATB)4=104(400)2=104(4×102)2=10416×104=116\left( \frac{T_A}{T_B} \right)^4 = \frac{10^4}{(400)^2} = \frac{10^4}{(4 \times 10^2)^2} = \frac{10^4}{16 \times 10^4} = \frac{1}{16}(TB​TA​​)4=(400)2104​=(4×102)2104​=16×104104​=161​

    Taking the fourth root of both sides: TATB=(116)1/4=12\frac{T_A}{T_B} = \left( \frac{1}{16} \right)^{1/4} = \frac{1}{2}TB​TA​​=(161​)1/4=21​

  4. Apply Wien's Displacement Law. Wien's law states that the product of the peak wavelength (λ\lambdaλ) and the temperature (T) is a constant (b): λT=b\lambda T = bλT=b This implies that the peak wavelength is inversely proportional to the temperature: λ∝1T\lambda \propto \frac{1}{T}λ∝T1​.

    For star A: λATA=b\lambda_A T_A = bλA​TA​=b For star B: λBTB=b\lambda_B T_B = bλB​TB​=b

    Therefore, λATA=λBTB\lambda_A T_A = \lambda_B T_BλA​TA​=λB​TB​.

  5. Calculate the ratio of the wavelengths. Rearranging the equation from Wien's law: λAλB=TBTA\frac{\lambda_A}{\lambda_B} = \frac{T_B}{T_A}λB​λA​​=TA​TB​​

    We found that TATB=12\frac{T_A}{T_B} = \frac{1}{2}TB​TA​​=21​. The reciprocal of this is: TBTA=2\frac{T_B}{T_A} = 2TA​TB​​=2

    Therefore, the ratio of their wavelengths is: λAλB=2\frac{\lambda_A}{\lambda_B} = 2λB​λA​​=2

Final Answer:

The ratio of their wavelengths (λAλB)\left( {{{{\lambda _A}} \over {{\lambda _B}}}} \right)(λB​λA​​) is 2.

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