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Heat and Thermodynamics question

2011 · Shift 1 · Q52
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  5. /2011 · Shift 1 · Q52

Heat and Thermodynamics question

2011 · Shift 1 · Q52

JEE AdvancedPhysicsHeat and ThermodynamicsMCQ+2 / −0.5
5.6 liter of helium gas at STP is adiabatically compressed to 0.7 liter. Taking the initial temperature to be T1, the work done in the process is
  1. A
    98RT1{9 \over 8}R{T_1}89​RT1​
  2. B
    32RT1{3 \over 2}R{T_1}23​RT1​
  3. C
    158RT1{15 \over 8}R{T_1}815​RT1​
  4. D
    92RT1{9 \over 2}R{T_1}29​RT1​
View written solutionFree

Correct answer: A

Step-by-step Solution:

  1. Identify Given Information and Process:

    • The gas is Helium (He), which is a monoatomic ideal gas.
    • Initial volume, V1=5.6V_1 = 5.6V1​=5.6 liters.
    • Initial state is at Standard Temperature and Pressure (STP). The initial temperature is denoted as T1T_1T1​.
    • Final volume, V2=0.7V_2 = 0.7V2​=0.7 liters.
    • The process is an adiabatic compression, which means there is no heat exchange with the surroundings (Q=0Q=0Q=0).
  2. Calculate the Number of Moles (n):

    • At STP, 1 mole of any ideal gas occupies a volume of 22.4 liters.
    • The given initial volume is 5.6 liters. Therefore, the number of moles of helium gas is: n=Volume at STPMolar volume at STP=5.6 L22.4 L/mol=14 moln = \frac{\text{Volume at STP}}{\text{Molar volume at STP}} = \frac{5.6 \text{ L}}{22.4 \text{ L/mol}} = \frac{1}{4} \text{ mol}n=Molar volume at STPVolume at STP​=22.4 L/mol5.6 L​=41​ mol
  3. Determine the Adiabatic Index (γ) for Helium:

    • Helium is a monoatomic gas. For a monoatomic gas, the number of degrees of freedom is f=3f=3f=3.
    • The molar specific heat at constant volume is CV=f2R=32RC_V = \frac{f}{2}R = \frac{3}{2}RCV​=2f​R=23​R.
    • The molar specific heat at constant pressure is CP=CV+R=32R+R=52RC_P = C_V + R = \frac{3}{2}R + R = \frac{5}{2}RCP​=CV​+R=23​R+R=25​R.
    • The adiabatic index, γ\gammaγ, is the ratio of specific heats: γ=CPCV=5/2R3/2R=53\gamma = \frac{C_P}{C_V} = \frac{5/2 R}{3/2 R} = \frac{5}{3}γ=CV​CP​​=3/2R5/2R​=35​
  4. Calculate the Final Temperature (T₂):

    • For an adiabatic process, the relationship between temperature (T) and volume (V) is given by the equation TVγ−1=constantTV^{\gamma-1} = \text{constant}TVγ−1=constant.
    • Therefore, for the initial and final states, we have T1V1γ−1=T2V2γ−1T_1V_1^{\gamma-1} = T_2V_2^{\gamma-1}T1​V1γ−1​=T2​V2γ−1​.
    • Solving for the final temperature, T2T_2T2​: T2=T1(V1V2)γ−1T_2 = T_1 \left( \frac{V_1}{V_2} \right)^{\gamma-1}T2​=T1​(V2​V1​​)γ−1
    • We are given V1=5.6V_1 = 5.6V1​=5.6 L and V2=0.7V_2 = 0.7V2​=0.7 L. The ratio of volumes is V1V2=5.60.7=8\frac{V_1}{V_2} = \frac{5.6}{0.7} = 8V2​V1​​=0.75.6​=8.
    • The exponent is γ−1=53−1=23\gamma - 1 = \frac{5}{3} - 1 = \frac{2}{3}γ−1=35​−1=32​.
    • Substituting these values into the equation for T2T_2T2​: T2=T1(8)2/3=T1((23))2/3=T1(23×2/3)=T1(22)=4T1T_2 = T_1 (8)^{2/3} = T_1 ((2^3))^{2/3} = T_1 (2^{3 \times 2/3}) = T_1 (2^2) = 4T_1T2​=T1​(8)2/3=T1​((23))2/3=T1​(23×2/3)=T1​(22)=4T1​
  5. Calculate the Work Done in the Process:

    • The question asks for the work done. For an adiabatic process, the work done by the gas is given by W=nR(T1−T2)γ−1W = \frac{nR(T_1 - T_2)}{\gamma - 1}W=γ−1nR(T1​−T2​)​.
    • Since the gas is compressed (V2<V1V_2 < V_1V2​<V1​), work is done on the gas, and the work done by the gas will be negative. The positive options suggest we need to find the magnitude of the work done, which is equivalent to the work done on the gas.
    • From the First Law of Thermodynamics, ΔU=Q−W\Delta U = Q - WΔU=Q−W. For an adiabatic process, Q=0Q=0Q=0, so ΔU=−W\Delta U = -WΔU=−W. This means the work done on the gas (Won=−WW_{on} = -WWon​=−W) is equal to the change in internal energy (ΔU\Delta UΔU).
    • The change in internal energy is given by ΔU=nCV(T2−T1)\Delta U = nC_V(T_2 - T_1)ΔU=nCV​(T2​−T1​).
    • Therefore, the work done is: Won=ΔU=nCV(T2−T1)W_{\text{on}} = \Delta U = nC_V(T_2 - T_1)Won​=ΔU=nCV​(T2​−T1​)
    • Substituting the values we found:
      • n=1/4n = 1/4n=1/4
      • CV=32RC_V = \frac{3}{2}RCV​=23​R
      • T2=4T1T_2 = 4T_1T2​=4T1​ W=(14)(32R)(4T1−T1)=(38R)(3T1)=98RT1W = \left(\frac{1}{4}\right) \left(\frac{3}{2}R\right) (4T_1 - T_1) = \left(\frac{3}{8}R\right)(3T_1) = \frac{9}{8}RT_1W=(41​)(23​R)(4T1​−T1​)=(83​R)(3T1​)=89​RT1​
  6. Conclusion: The work done in the process is 98RT1\frac{9}{8}RT_189​RT1​. This corresponds to option A.

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