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Definite Integration question

2024 · Shift 2 · Q33
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Definite Integration question

2024 · Shift 2 · Q33

JEE AdvancedMathematicsDefinite IntegrationNumerical+3 / −1
Let f:[0,π2]→[0,1]f:\left[0, \frac{\pi}{2}\right] \rightarrow[0,1]f:[0,2π​]→[0,1] be the function defined by f(x)=sin⁡2xf(x)=\sin ^2 xf(x)=sin2x and let g:[0,π2]→[0,∞)g:\left[0, \frac{\pi}{2}\right] \rightarrow[0, \infty)g:[0,2π​]→[0,∞) be the function defined by g(x)=πx2−x2g(x)=\sqrt{\frac{\pi x}{2}-x^2}g(x)=2πx​−x2​.The value of 2∫0π2f(x)g(x)dx−∫0π2g(x)dx2 \int\limits_0^{\frac{\pi}{2}} f(x) g(x) d x-\int\limits_0^{\frac{\pi}{2}} g(x) d x20∫2π​​f(x)g(x)dx−0∫2π​​g(x)dx is ‾\underline{\hspace{2cm}}​.
Numerical answer
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Correct answer: 0

Step-by-step Solution:

  1. Identify the Expression to Evaluate Let the given expression be denoted by EEE. We have: E=2∫0π2f(x)g(x)dx−∫0π2g(x)dxE = 2 \int\limits_0^{\frac{\pi}{2}} f(x) g(x) d x - \int\limits_0^{\frac{\pi}{2}} g(x) d xE=20∫2π​​f(x)g(x)dx−0∫2π​​g(x)dx The given functions are f(x)=sin⁡2xf(x)=\sin^2 xf(x)=sin2x and g(x)=πx2−x2g(x)=\sqrt{\frac{\pi x}{2}-x^2}g(x)=2πx​−x2​.

  2. Define the Integrals To simplify the problem, let's define two separate integrals:

    • I1=∫0π2g(x)dx=∫0π2πx2−x2dxI_1 = \int\limits_0^{\frac{\pi}{2}} g(x) d x = \int\limits_0^{\frac{\pi}{2}} \sqrt{\frac{\pi x}{2}-x^2} d xI1​=0∫2π​​g(x)dx=0∫2π​​2πx​−x2​dx
    • I2=∫0π2f(x)g(x)dx=∫0π2sin⁡2(x)πx2−x2dxI_2 = \int\limits_0^{\frac{\pi}{2}} f(x) g(x) d x = \int\limits_0^{\frac{\pi}{2}} \sin^2(x) \sqrt{\frac{\pi x}{2}-x^2} d xI2​=0∫2π​​f(x)g(x)dx=0∫2π​​sin2(x)2πx​−x2​dx

    The expression to evaluate can now be written as E=2I2−I1E = 2I_2 - I_1E=2I2​−I1​.

  3. Apply King's Property of Definite Integrals to I2I_2I2​ We use the property ∫0ah(x)dx=∫0ah(a−x)dx\int_0^a h(x) dx = \int_0^a h(a-x) dx∫0a​h(x)dx=∫0a​h(a−x)dx. In our case, a=π2a = \frac{\pi}{2}a=2π​. Applying this property to the integral I2I_2I2​: I2=∫0π2sin⁡2(π2−x)π2(π2−x)−(π2−x)2dxI_2 = \int\limits_0^{\frac{\pi}{2}} \sin^2\left(\frac{\pi}{2}-x\right) \sqrt{\frac{\pi}{2}\left(\frac{\pi}{2}-x\right) - \left(\frac{\pi}{2}-x\right)^2} dxI2​=0∫2π​​sin2(2π​−x)2π​(2π​−x)−(2π​−x)2​dx

  4. Simplify the Integrand Let's simplify the terms in the new integrand:

    • The trigonometric part: sin⁡2(π2−x)=cos⁡2(x)\sin^2\left(\frac{\pi}{2}-x\right) = \cos^2(x)sin2(2π​−x)=cos2(x).
    • The part under the square root, which is g(π2−x)g\left(\frac{\pi}{2}-x\right)g(2π​−x): π2(π2−x)−(π2−x)2=π24−πx2−(π24−πx+x2)\frac{\pi}{2}\left(\frac{\pi}{2}-x\right) - \left(\frac{\pi}{2}-x\right)^2 = \frac{\pi^2}{4} - \frac{\pi x}{2} - \left(\frac{\pi^2}{4} - \pi x + x^2\right)2π​(2π​−x)−(2π​−x)2=4π2​−2πx​−(4π2​−πx+x2) =π24−πx2−π24+πx−x2=πx2−x2= \frac{\pi^2}{4} - \frac{\pi x}{2} - \frac{\pi^2}{4} + \pi x - x^2 = \frac{\pi x}{2} - x^2=4π2​−2πx​−4π2​+πx−x2=2πx​−x2 So, π2(π2−x)−(π2−x)2=πx2−x2=g(x)\sqrt{\frac{\pi}{2}\left(\frac{\pi}{2}-x\right) - \left(\frac{\pi}{2}-x\right)^2} = \sqrt{\frac{\pi x}{2}-x^2} = g(x)2π​(2π​−x)−(2π​−x)2​=2πx​−x2​=g(x).
  5. Obtain a Second Expression for I2I_2I2​ Substituting the simplified terms back into the integral for I2I_2I2​, we get: I2=∫0π2cos⁡2(x)πx2−x2dx=∫0π2cos⁡2(x)g(x)dxI_2 = \int\limits_0^{\frac{\pi}{2}} \cos^2(x) \sqrt{\frac{\pi x}{2}-x^2} dx = \int\limits_0^{\frac{\pi}{2}} \cos^2(x) g(x) dxI2​=0∫2π​​cos2(x)2πx​−x2​dx=0∫2π​​cos2(x)g(x)dx

  6. Combine the Two Expressions for I2I_2I2​ We now have two different expressions for I2I_2I2​: (i) I2=∫0π2sin⁡2(x)g(x)dxI_2 = \int\limits_0^{\frac{\pi}{2}} \sin^2(x) g(x) dxI2​=0∫2π​​sin2(x)g(x)dx (ii) I2=∫0π2cos⁡2(x)g(x)dxI_2 = \int\limits_0^{\frac{\pi}{2}} \cos^2(x) g(x) dxI2​=0∫2π​​cos2(x)g(x)dx

    Adding these two equations gives: 2I2=∫0π2sin⁡2(x)g(x)dx+∫0π2cos⁡2(x)g(x)dx2I_2 = \int\limits_0^{\frac{\pi}{2}} \sin^2(x) g(x) dx + \int\limits_0^{\frac{\pi}{2}} \cos^2(x) g(x) dx2I2​=0∫2π​​sin2(x)g(x)dx+0∫2π​​cos2(x)g(x)dx 2I2=∫0π2(sin⁡2(x)+cos⁡2(x))g(x)dx2I_2 = \int\limits_0^{\frac{\pi}{2}} (\sin^2(x) + \cos^2(x)) g(x) dx2I2​=0∫2π​​(sin2(x)+cos2(x))g(x)dx

  7. Simplify and Relate to I1I_1I1​ Using the fundamental trigonometric identity sin⁡2(x)+cos⁡2(x)=1\sin^2(x) + \cos^2(x) = 1sin2(x)+cos2(x)=1, we get: 2I2=∫0π2(1)⋅g(x)dx=∫0π2g(x)dx2I_2 = \int\limits_0^{\frac{\pi}{2}} (1) \cdot g(x) dx = \int\limits_0^{\frac{\pi}{2}} g(x) dx2I2​=0∫2π​​(1)⋅g(x)dx=0∫2π​​g(x)dx By our initial definition, this is exactly I1I_1I1​. Therefore, we have the relationship: 2I2=I12I_2 = I_12I2​=I1​

  8. Calculate the Final Value The expression we need to find is E=2I2−I1E = 2I_2 - I_1E=2I2​−I1​. Substituting the result from the previous step, 2I2=I12I_2 = I_12I2​=I1​, we get: E=I1−I1=0E = I_1 - I_1 = 0E=I1​−I1​=0

Thus, the value of the given expression is 0.

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