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Definite Integration question

2025 · Shift 2 · Q32
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Definite Integration question

2025 · Shift 2 · Q32

JEE AdvancedMathematicsDefinite IntegrationNumerical+4 / −1
If α=∫122tan⁡−1x2x2−3x+2dx\alpha=\int\limits_{\frac{1}{2}}^2 \frac{\tan ^{-1} x}{2 x^2-3 x+2} d xα=21​∫2​2x2−3x+2tan−1x​dx then the value of 7tan⁡(2α7π)\sqrt{7} \tan \left(\frac{2 \alpha \sqrt{7}}{\pi}\right)7​tan(π2α7​​) is ‾\underline{\hspace{2cm}}​. (Here, the inverse trigonometric function tan⁡−1x\tan ^{-1} xtan−1x assumes values in (−π2,π2)\left(-\frac{\pi}{2}, \frac{\pi}{2}\right)(−2π​,2π​).)
Numerical answer
View written solutionFree

Correct answer: 21

Step-by-step Solution:

  1. Analyze the Integral and Apply Substitution

The given integral is: α=∫122tan⁡−1x2x2−3x+2dx…(1)\alpha=\int\limits_{\frac{1}{2}}^2 \frac{\tan ^{-1} x}{2 x^2-3 x+2} d x \quad \dots (1)α=21​∫2​2x2−3x+2tan−1x​dx…(1) The limits of integration are 1/21/21/2 and 222, which are reciprocals of each other. This suggests using the substitution x=1/tx = 1/tx=1/t. If x=1/tx = 1/tx=1/t, then dx=−1/t2dtdx = -1/t^2 dtdx=−1/t2dt. The limits of integration transform as follows:

  • When x=1/2x = 1/2x=1/2, t=2t = 2t=2.
  • When x=2x = 2x=2, t=1/2t = 1/2t=1/2.

Substituting into the integral: α=∫21/2tan⁡−1(1/t)2(1/t)2−3(1/t)+2(−1t2)dt\alpha = \int_2^{1/2} \frac{\tan^{-1}(1/t)}{2(1/t)^2 - 3(1/t) + 2} \left(-\frac{1}{t^2}\right) dtα=∫21/2​2(1/t)2−3(1/t)+2tan−1(1/t)​(−t21​)dt Simplify the denominator: 2(1/t)2−3(1/t)+2=2−3t+2t2t22(1/t)^2 - 3(1/t) + 2 = \frac{2 - 3t + 2t^2}{t^2}2(1/t)2−3(1/t)+2=t22−3t+2t2​ Now, substitute this back into the integral expression: α=∫21/2tan⁡−1(1/t)2t2−3t+2t2(−1t2)dt=∫21/2−tan⁡−1(1/t)2t2−3t+2dt\alpha = \int_2^{1/2} \frac{\tan^{-1}(1/t)}{\frac{2t^2 - 3t + 2}{t^2}} \left(-\frac{1}{t^2}\right) dt = \int_2^{1/2} \frac{-\tan^{-1}(1/t)}{2t^2 - 3t + 2} dtα=∫21/2​t22t2−3t+2​tan−1(1/t)​(−t21​)dt=∫21/2​2t2−3t+2−tan−1(1/t)​dt Using the property ∫abf(x)dx=−∫baf(x)dx\int_a^b f(x) dx = -\int_b^a f(x) dx∫ab​f(x)dx=−∫ba​f(x)dx, we can flip the limits: α=∫1/22tan⁡−1(1/t)2t2−3t+2dt\alpha = \int_{1/2}^2 \frac{\tan^{-1}(1/t)}{2t^2 - 3t + 2} dtα=∫1/22​2t2−3t+2tan−1(1/t)​dt For t>0t > 0t>0, we have the identity tan⁡−1(1/t)=π2−tan⁡−1(t)\tan^{-1}(1/t) = \frac{\pi}{2} - \tan^{-1}(t)tan−1(1/t)=2π​−tan−1(t). Since the integration is over [1/2,2][1/2, 2][1/2,2], ttt is positive. α=∫1/22π2−tan⁡−1(t)2t2−3t+2dt\alpha = \int_{1/2}^2 \frac{\frac{\pi}{2} - \tan^{-1}(t)}{2t^2 - 3t + 2} dtα=∫1/22​2t2−3t+22π​−tan−1(t)​dt Since the variable of integration is a dummy variable, we can replace ttt with xxx: α=∫1/22π2−tan⁡−1(x)2x2−3x+2dx…(2)\alpha = \int_{1/2}^2 \frac{\frac{\pi}{2} - \tan^{-1}(x)}{2x^2 - 3x + 2} dx \quad \dots (2)α=∫1/22​2x2−3x+22π​−tan−1(x)​dx…(2)

  1. Combine the Expressions for α\alphaα

Add equation (1) and equation (2): α+α=∫1/22tan⁡−1x2x2−3x+2dx+∫1/22π2−tan⁡−1(x)2x2−3x+2dx\alpha + \alpha = \int_{1/2}^2 \frac{\tan^{-1} x}{2x^2 - 3x + 2} dx + \int_{1/2}^2 \frac{\frac{\pi}{2} - \tan^{-1}(x)}{2x^2 - 3x + 2} dxα+α=∫1/22​2x2−3x+2tan−1x​dx+∫1/22​2x2−3x+22π​−tan−1(x)​dx 2α=∫1/22tan⁡−1x+π2−tan⁡−1(x)2x2−3x+2dx2\alpha = \int_{1/2}^2 \frac{\tan^{-1} x + \frac{\pi}{2} - \tan^{-1}(x)}{2x^2 - 3x + 2} dx2α=∫1/22​2x2−3x+2tan−1x+2π​−tan−1(x)​dx 2α=∫1/22π22x2−3x+2dx=π2∫1/2212x2−3x+2dx2\alpha = \int_{1/2}^2 \frac{\frac{\pi}{2}}{2x^2 - 3x + 2} dx = \frac{\pi}{2} \int_{1/2}^2 \frac{1}{2x^2 - 3x + 2} dx2α=∫1/22​2x2−3x+22π​​dx=2π​∫1/22​2x2−3x+21​dx

  1. Evaluate the Simplified Integral

Let's evaluate the integral I=∫1/2212x2−3x+2dxI = \int_{1/2}^2 \frac{1}{2x^2 - 3x + 2} dxI=∫1/22​2x2−3x+21​dx. We complete the square for the denominator: 2x2−3x+2=2(x2−32x+1)=2((x−34)2−916+1)=2((x−34)2+716)2x^2 - 3x + 2 = 2\left(x^2 - \frac{3}{2}x + 1\right) = 2\left(\left(x - \frac{3}{4}\right)^2 - \frac{9}{16} + 1\right) = 2\left(\left(x - \frac{3}{4}\right)^2 + \frac{7}{16}\right)2x2−3x+2=2(x2−23​x+1)=2((x−43​)2−169​+1)=2((x−43​)2+167​) The integral becomes: I=∫1/2212((x−34)2+(74)2)dx=12∫1/221(x−34)2+(74)2dxI = \int_{1/2}^2 \frac{1}{2\left(\left(x - \frac{3}{4}\right)^2 + \left(\frac{\sqrt{7}}{4}\right)^2\right)} dx = \frac{1}{2} \int_{1/2}^2 \frac{1}{\left(x - \frac{3}{4}\right)^2 + \left(\frac{\sqrt{7}}{4}\right)^2} dxI=∫1/22​2((x−43​)2+(47​​)2)1​dx=21​∫1/22​(x−43​)2+(47​​)21​dx This is a standard integral of the form ∫1u2+a2du=1atan⁡−1(ua)\int \frac{1}{u^2+a^2} du = \frac{1}{a} \tan^{-1}\left(\frac{u}{a}\right)∫u2+a21​du=a1​tan−1(au​). I=12[174tan⁡−1(x−3474)]1/22=12⋅47[tan⁡−1(4x−37)]1/22I = \frac{1}{2} \left[ \frac{1}{\frac{\sqrt{7}}{4}} \tan^{-1}\left(\frac{x - \frac{3}{4}}{\frac{\sqrt{7}}{4}}\right) \right]_{1/2}^2 = \frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{4}{\sqrt{7}} \left[ \tan^{-1}\left(\frac{4x - 3}{\sqrt{7}}\right) \right]_{1/2}^2I=21​[47​​1​tan−1(47​​x−43​​)]1/22​=21​⋅7​4​[tan−1(7​4x−3​)]1/22​ I=27[tan⁡−1(4(2)−37)−tan⁡−1(4(1/2)−37)]I = \frac{2}{\sqrt{7}} \left[ \tan^{-1}\left(\frac{4(2) - 3}{\sqrt{7}}\right) - \tan^{-1}\left(\frac{4(1/2) - 3}{\sqrt{7}}\right) \right]I=7​2​[tan−1(7​4(2)−3​)−tan−1(7​4(1/2)−3​)] I=27[tan⁡−1(57)−tan⁡−1(−17)]=27[tan⁡−1(57)+tan⁡−1(17)]I = \frac{2}{\sqrt{7}} \left[ \tan^{-1}\left(\frac{5}{\sqrt{7}}\right) - \tan^{-1}\left(\frac{-1}{\sqrt{7}}\right) \right] = \frac{2}{\sqrt{7}} \left[ \tan^{-1}\left(\frac{5}{\sqrt{7}}\right) + \tan^{-1}\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{7}}\right) \right]I=7​2​[tan−1(7​5​)−tan−1(7​−1​)]=7​2​[tan−1(7​5​)+tan−1(7​1​)] Using the identity tan⁡−1A+tan⁡−1B=tan⁡−1(A+B1−AB)\tan^{-1} A + \tan^{-1} B = \tan^{-1}\left(\frac{A+B}{1-AB}\right)tan−1A+tan−1B=tan−1(1−ABA+B​) (since AB=57<1AB = \frac{5}{7} < 1AB=75​<1): I=27tan⁡−1(57+171−57⋅17)=27tan⁡−1(671−57)=27tan⁡−1(6727)I = \frac{2}{\sqrt{7}} \tan^{-1}\left(\frac{\frac{5}{\sqrt{7}} + \frac{1}{\sqrt{7}}}{1 - \frac{5}{\sqrt{7}} \cdot \frac{1}{\sqrt{7}}}\right) = \frac{2}{\sqrt{7}} \tan^{-1}\left(\frac{\frac{6}{\sqrt{7}}}{1 - \frac{5}{7}}\right) = \frac{2}{\sqrt{7}} \tan^{-1}\left(\frac{\frac{6}{\sqrt{7}}}{\frac{2}{7}}\right)I=7​2​tan−1(1−7​5​⋅7​1​7​5​+7​1​​)=7​2​tan−1(1−75​7​6​​)=7​2​tan−1(72​7​6​​) I=27tan⁡−1(67⋅72)=27tan⁡−1(37)I = \frac{2}{\sqrt{7}} \tan^{-1}\left(\frac{6}{\sqrt{7}} \cdot \frac{7}{2}\right) = \frac{2}{\sqrt{7}} \tan^{-1}(3\sqrt{7})I=7​2​tan−1(7​6​⋅27​)=7​2​tan−1(37​)

  1. Find the Value of α\alphaα

Substitute the value of III back into the expression for 2α2\alpha2α: 2α=π2I=π2⋅27tan⁡−1(37)=π7tan⁡−1(37)2\alpha = \frac{\pi}{2} I = \frac{\pi}{2} \cdot \frac{2}{\sqrt{7}} \tan^{-1}(3\sqrt{7}) = \frac{\pi}{\sqrt{7}} \tan^{-1}(3\sqrt{7})2α=2π​I=2π​⋅7​2​tan−1(37​)=7​π​tan−1(37​)

  1. Calculate the Final Expression

We need to find the value of 7tan⁡(2α7π)\sqrt{7} \tan \left(\frac{2 \alpha \sqrt{7}}{\pi}\right)7​tan(π2α7​​). From the expression for 2α2\alpha2α, we can find the argument of the tangent function: 2α7π=7π(π7tan⁡−1(37))=tan⁡−1(37)\frac{2 \alpha \sqrt{7}}{\pi} = \frac{\sqrt{7}}{\pi} \left( \frac{\pi}{\sqrt{7}} \tan^{-1}(3\sqrt{7}) \right) = \tan^{-1}(3\sqrt{7})π2α7​​=π7​​(7​π​tan−1(37​))=tan−1(37​) Now, substitute this into the final expression: 7tan⁡(2α7π)=7tan⁡(tan⁡−1(37))\sqrt{7} \tan \left(\frac{2 \alpha \sqrt{7}}{\pi}\right) = \sqrt{7} \tan\left(\tan^{-1}(3\sqrt{7})\right)7​tan(π2α7​​)=7​tan(tan−1(37​)) Using the property tan⁡(tan⁡−1(y))=y\tan(\tan^{-1}(y)) = ytan(tan−1(y))=y: =7⋅(37)=3⋅(7)2=3⋅7=21= \sqrt{7} \cdot (3\sqrt{7}) = 3 \cdot (\sqrt{7})^2 = 3 \cdot 7 = 21=7​⋅(37​)=3⋅(7​)2=3⋅7=21

The value of the expression is 21.

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