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Application of Derivatives question

2016 · Shift 1 · Q24
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  5. /2016 · Shift 1 · Q24

Application of Derivatives question

2016 · Shift 1 · Q24

JEE AdvancedMathematicsApplication of DerivativesMCQ+3 / −1
The least value of a ∈R\in R∈R for which 4ax2+1x≥1,4a{x^2} + {1 \over x} \ge 1,4ax2+x1​≥1,, for all x>0x\gt 0x>0. is
  1. A
    164{1 \over {64}}641​
  2. B
    132{1 \over {32}}321​
  3. C
    127{1 \over {27}}271​
  4. D
    125{1 \over {25}}251​
View written solutionFree

Correct answer: C

  1. We need the least value of a∈Ra \in \mathbb{R}a∈R such that 4ax2+1x≥1for all x>0.4ax^2+\frac{1}{x}\ge 1 \quad \text{for all } x>0.4ax2+x1​≥1for all x>0.

We want this inequality to hold for every positive xxx.

  1. Rearrange the inequality: 4ax2≥1−1x4ax^2 \ge 1-\frac{1}{x}4ax2≥1−x1​ a≥1−1x4x2.a \ge \frac{1-\frac{1}{x}}{4x^2}.a≥4x21−x1​​.

So for all x>0x>0x>0, aaa must be at least f(x)=1−1x4x2.f(x)=\frac{1-\frac{1}{x}}{4x^2}.f(x)=4x21−x1​​.

Hence the least possible value of aaa is max⁡x>0f(x).\max_{x>0} f(x).maxx>0​f(x).

  1. Simplify f(x)f(x)f(x): f(x)=14x2−14x3=x−14x3.f(x)=\frac{1}{4x^2}-\frac{1}{4x^3}=\frac{x-1}{4x^3}.f(x)=4x21​−4x31​=4x3x−1​.

Let f(x)=x−14x3.f(x)=\frac{x-1}{4x^3}.f(x)=4x3x−1​. We now maximize this for x>0x>0x>0.

  1. Differentiate: f(x)=14(x−1)x−3.f(x)=\frac{1}{4}(x-1)x^{-3}.f(x)=41​(x−1)x−3.

Then f′(x)=14[x−3−3(x−1)x−4].f'(x)=\frac{1}{4}\left[x^{-3}-3(x-1)x^{-4}\right].f′(x)=41​[x−3−3(x−1)x−4].

Simplify: f′(x)=14x−4[x−3(x−1)]f'(x)=\frac{1}{4}x^{-4}\left[x-3(x-1)\right]f′(x)=41​x−4[x−3(x−1)] f′(x)=14x−4(x−3x+3)f'(x)=\frac{1}{4}x^{-4}(x-3x+3)f′(x)=41​x−4(x−3x+3) f′(x)=14x−4(3−2x).f'(x)=\frac{1}{4}x^{-4}(3-2x).f′(x)=41​x−4(3−2x).

  1. Critical point: f′(x)=0  ⟺  3−2x=0  ⟺  x=32.f'(x)=0 \iff 3-2x=0 \iff x=\frac{3}{2}.f′(x)=0⟺3−2x=0⟺x=23​.

Since x−4>0x^{-4}>0x−4>0 for x>0x>0x>0, the sign of f′(x)f'(x)f′(x) depends on 3−2x3-2x3−2x:

  • f′(x)>0f'(x)>0f′(x)>0 for x<32x<\frac{3}{2}x<23​
  • f′(x)<0f'(x)<0f′(x)<0 for x>32x>\frac{3}{2}x>23​

So f(x)f(x)f(x) attains its maximum at x=32.x=\frac{3}{2}.x=23​.

  1. Compute the maximum value: f(32)=32−14(32)3f\left(\frac{3}{2}\right)=\frac{\frac{3}{2}-1}{4\left(\frac{3}{2}\right)^3}f(23​)=4(23​)323​−1​ =124⋅278=\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{4\cdot \frac{27}{8}}=4⋅827​21​​ =12272=\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{\frac{27}{2}}=227​21​​ =127.=\frac{1}{27}.=271​.

Therefore the least value of aaa is a=127.a=\frac{1}{27}.a=271​.

  1. Option check:
  • A: 164\frac{1}{64}641​ — too small
  • B: 132\frac{1}{32}321​ — too small
  • C: 127\frac{1}{27}271​ — correct
  • D: 125\frac{1}{25}251​ — larger than least value

Thus the correct option is C 127.\boxed{\text{C }\frac{1}{27}}.C 271​​.

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