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Application of Derivatives question

2015 · Shift 2 · Q33
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  5. /2015 · Shift 2 · Q33

Application of Derivatives question

2015 · Shift 2 · Q33

JEE AdvancedMathematicsApplication of DerivativesMultiple correct+4 / −1
Let f,g:f, g :f,g: [−1,2]→R\left[ { - 1,2} \right] \to R[−1,2]→R be continuous functions which are twice differentiable on the interval (−1,2)(-1, 2)(−1,2). Let the values of f and g at the points −1,0-1, 0−1,0 and 222 be as given in the following table:
X = -1 X = 0 X = 2
f(x) 3 6 0
g(x) 0 1 -1

In each of the intervals (−1,0)(-1, 0)(−1,0) and (0,2)(0, 2)(0,2) the function (f−3g)′′(f-3g)''(f−3g)′′ never vanishes. Then the correct statement(s) is (are)

  1. A
    f′(x)−3g′(x)=0f'\left( x \right) - 3g'\left( x \right) = 0f′(x)−3g′(x)=0 has exactly three solutions in (−1,0)∪(0,2)\left( { - 1,0} \right) \cup \left( {0,2} \right)(−1,0)∪(0,2)
  2. B
    f′(x)−3g′(x)=0f'\left( x \right) - 3g'\left( x \right) = 0f′(x)−3g′(x)=0 has exactly one solution in (−1,0)(-1, 0)(−1,0)
  3. C
    f′(x)−3g′(x)=0f'\left( x \right) - 3g'\left( x \right) = 0f′(x)−3g′(x)=0 has exactly one solution in (0,2)(0, 2)(0,2)
  4. D
    f′(x)−3g′(x)=0f'\left( x \right) - 3g'\left( x \right) = 0f′(x)−3g′(x)=0 has exactly two solutions in (−1,0)(-1, 0)(−1,0) and exactly two solutions in (0,2)(0, 2)(0,2)
View written solutionFree

Correct answer: C, B

Let h(x)=f(x)−3g(x).h(x)=f(x)-3g(x).h(x)=f(x)−3g(x). Then hhh is continuous on [−1,2][-1,2][−1,2] and twice differentiable on (−1,2)(-1,2)(−1,2).

We are given: f(−1)=3, f(0)=6, f(2)=0f(-1)=3,\, f(0)=6,\, f(2)=0f(−1)=3,f(0)=6,f(2)=0 g(−1)=0, g(0)=1, g(2)=−1g(-1)=0,\, g(0)=1,\, g(2)=-1g(−1)=0,g(0)=1,g(2)=−1 So, h(−1)=f(−1)−3g(−1)=3−0=3,h(-1)=f(-1)-3g(-1)=3-0=3,h(−1)=f(−1)−3g(−1)=3−0=3, h(0)=f(0)−3g(0)=6−3=3,h(0)=f(0)-3g(0)=6-3=3,h(0)=f(0)−3g(0)=6−3=3, h(2)=f(2)−3g(2)=0−3(−1)=3.h(2)=f(2)-3g(2)=0-3(-1)=3.h(2)=f(2)−3g(2)=0−3(−1)=3. Hence h(−1)=h(0)=h(2)=3.h(-1)=h(0)=h(2)=3.h(−1)=h(0)=h(2)=3.

Also, in each of the intervals (−1,0)(-1,0)(−1,0) and (0,2)(0,2)(0,2), we are told that (f−3g)′′=h′′(f-3g)''=h''(f−3g)′′=h′′ never vanishes. That means h′′(x)≠0h''(x)\neq 0h′′(x)=0 throughout each of these two intervals.


1. Existence of a zero of h′h'h′ in (−1,0)(-1,0)(−1,0)

Since h(−1)=h(0),h(-1)=h(0),h(−1)=h(0), by Rolle's theorem there exists at least one c1∈(−1,0)c_1\in(-1,0)c1​∈(−1,0) such that h′(c1)=0.h'(c_1)=0.h′(c1​)=0. That is, f′(c1)−3g′(c1)=0.f'(c_1)-3g'(c_1)=0.f′(c1​)−3g′(c1​)=0.

So there is at least one solution in (−1,0)(-1,0)(−1,0).


2. Existence of a zero of h′h'h′ in (0,2)(0,2)(0,2)

Similarly, since h(0)=h(2),h(0)=h(2),h(0)=h(2), by Rolle's theorem there exists at least one c2∈(0,2)c_2\in(0,2)c2​∈(0,2) such that h′(c2)=0.h'(c_2)=0.h′(c2​)=0.

So there is at least one solution in (0,2)(0,2)(0,2).


3. Uniqueness in each interval using h′′≠0h''\neq 0h′′=0

Since h′′(x)≠0h''(x)\neq 0h′′(x)=0 on (−1,0)(-1,0)(−1,0) and h′′h''h′′ is continuous there, h′′h''h′′ cannot change sign on (−1,0)(-1,0)(−1,0). Thus on (−1,0)(-1,0)(−1,0) either h′′(x)>0for all x∈(−1,0),h''(x)>0 \quad \text{for all }x\in(-1,0),h′′(x)>0for all x∈(−1,0), or h′′(x)<0for all x∈(−1,0).h''(x)<0 \quad \text{for all }x\in(-1,0).h′′(x)<0for all x∈(−1,0). Therefore h′h'h′ is strictly monotonic on (−1,0)(-1,0)(−1,0). A strictly monotonic function can have at most one zero.

But from Rolle's theorem, it has at least one zero. Hence it has exactly one zero in (−1,0)(-1,0)(−1,0).

The same argument applies on (0,2)(0,2)(0,2):

  • h′′(x)≠0h''(x)\neq 0h′′(x)=0 and continuous on (0,2)(0,2)(0,2),
  • so h′′h''h′′ has constant sign there,
  • hence h′h'h′ is strictly monotonic on (0,2)(0,2)(0,2),
  • therefore h′h'h′ can have at most one zero there,
  • and by Rolle's theorem it has at least one zero there.

So h′h'h′ has exactly one zero in (0,2)(0,2)(0,2).

Thus, f′(x)−3g′(x)=0f'(x)-3g'(x)=0f′(x)−3g′(x)=0 has exactly one solution in (−1,0)(-1,0)(−1,0) and exactly one solution in (0,2)(0,2)(0,2).


4. Checking the options

Option A

Claims exactly three solutions in (−1,0)∪(0,2)(-1,0)\cup(0,2)(−1,0)∪(0,2).

But we found exactly one in each interval, so total exactly two solutions. Hence A is false.

Option B

Claims exactly one solution in (−1,0)(-1,0)(−1,0). This is true. Hence B is true.

Option C

Claims exactly one solution in (0,2)(0,2)(0,2). This is true. Hence C is true.

Option D

Claims exactly two solutions in (−1,0)(-1,0)(−1,0) and exactly two in (0,2)(0,2)(0,2). This contradicts strict monotonicity of h′h'h′ on each interval. Hence D is false.


Final Answer

The correct statements are: B, C\boxed{B,\ C}B, C​

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