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Application of Derivatives question

2013 · Shift 1 · Q32
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  5. /2013 · Shift 1 · Q32

Application of Derivatives question

2013 · Shift 1 · Q32

JEE AdvancedMathematicsApplication of DerivativesMultiple correct+4 / −1
A rectangular sheet of fixed perimeter with sides having their lengths in the ratio 8:158:158:15 is converted into an open rectangular box by folding after removing squares of equal area from all four corners. If the total area of removed squares is 100100100, the resulting box has maximum volume. Then the lengths of the vsides of the rectangular sheet are
  1. A
    242424
  2. B
    323232
  3. C
    454545
  4. D
    606060
View written solutionFree

Correct answer: A, C

  1. Let the sides of the rectangular sheet be in the ratio 8:158:158:15.

    So, let L=8k,B=15kL=8k, \qquad B=15kL=8k,B=15k for some positive constant kkk.

  2. Let squares of side xxx be removed from each corner.

    Since 4 equal squares are removed and the total removed area is 100100100, we have 4x2=1004x^2=1004x2=100 x2=25x^2=25x2=25 x=5x=5x=5 (taking positive value since length is positive).

  3. Volume of the open box formed.

    After folding, the dimensions of the box are:

    • length =8k−2x=8k−10=8k-2x=8k-10=8k−2x=8k−10
    • breadth =15k−2x=15k−10=15k-2x=15k-10=15k−2x=15k−10
    • height =x=5=x=5=x=5

    Hence, V=5(8k−10)(15k−10)V=5(8k-10)(15k-10)V=5(8k−10)(15k−10)

  4. Use the condition that the box has maximum volume.

    For a rectangle of fixed perimeter, if squares of side xxx are cut and folded, volume is V=x(l−2x)(b−2x)V=x(l-2x)(b-2x)V=x(l−2x)(b−2x) and for fixed l+bl+bl+b, maximum volume occurs when l+b=6xl+b=6xl+b=6x because V=x(l−2x)(b−2x)=x(lb−2x(l+b)+4x2)V=x(l-2x)(b-2x)=x(lb-2x(l+b)+4x^2)V=x(l−2x)(b−2x)=x(lb−2x(l+b)+4x2) and differentiating w.r.t. xxx for fixed l+b,lbl+b,lbl+b,lb gives dVdx=lb−4x(l+b)+12x2\frac{dV}{dx}=lb-4x(l+b)+12x^2dxdV​=lb−4x(l+b)+12x2 At maximum, with given ratio fixed, it is easier to use the standard condition directly through fixed perimeter.

    Since here x=5x=5x=5, we get l+b=6x=30l+b=6x=30l+b=6x=30

  5. Now use the side ratio 8:158:158:15.

    Let sides be 8m8m8m and 15m15m15m. Then 8m+15m=308m+15m=308m+15m=30 23m=3023m=3023m=30 m=3023m=\frac{30}{23}m=2330​

    This does not match the options, so let us instead maximize directly using ratio parameter and fixed cut size x=5x=5x=5.

  6. Direct maximization with ratio fixed.

    V(k)=5(8k−10)(15k−10)V(k)=5(8k-10)(15k-10)V(k)=5(8k−10)(15k−10)

    Expanding: V(k)=5(120k2−230k+100)=600k2−1150k+500V(k)=5(120k^2-230k+100)=600k^2-1150k+500V(k)=5(120k2−230k+100)=600k2−1150k+500

    This is a quadratic opening upward, so this expression alone cannot represent a maximum unless another condition is used: the sheet has fixed perimeter.

  7. Interpret fixed perimeter correctly.

    Let original sheet sides be lll and bbb with fixed perimeter, so 2(l+b)=P⇒l+b=constant2(l+b)=P \Rightarrow l+b=\text{constant}2(l+b)=P⇒l+b=constant and also l:b=8:15l:b=8:15l:b=8:15 Therefore both lll and bbb are uniquely determined by the perimeter. So the variable for maximization is actually the cut size xxx.

    Hence volume is V=x(8k−2x)(15k−2x)V=x(8k-2x)(15k-2x)V=x(8k−2x)(15k−2x) with kkk fixed.

    Differentiate: V=x(120k2−46kx+4x2)=120k2x−46kx2+4x3V=x(120k^2-46kx+4x^2)=120k^2x-46kx^2+4x^3V=x(120k2−46kx+4x2)=120k2x−46kx2+4x3 dVdx=120k2−92kx+12x2\frac{dV}{dx}=120k^2-92kx+12x^2dxdV​=120k2−92kx+12x2

    For maximum volume, set 120k2−92kx+12x2=0120k^2-92kx+12x^2=0120k2−92kx+12x2=0

    Now x=5x=5x=5, so 120k2−460k+300=0120k^2-460k+300=0120k2−460k+300=0 Divide by 20: 6k2−23k+15=06k^2-23k+15=06k2−23k+15=0

    Factor: 6k2−23k+15=(3k−5)(2k−3)=06k^2-23k+15=(3k-5)(2k-3)=06k2−23k+15=(3k−5)(2k−3)=0

    So, k=53ork=32k=\frac{5}{3} \quad \text{or} \quad k=\frac{3}{2}k=35​ork=23​

  8. Find the corresponding sheet dimensions.

    Since sides are 8k8k8k and 15k15k15k:

    • If k=32k=\frac{3}{2}k=23​: 8k=12,15k=22.58k=12, \quad 15k=22.58k=12,15k=22.5 These are not among the options.

    • If k=53k=\frac{5}{3}k=35​: 8k=403,15k=258k=\frac{40}{3}, \quad 15k=258k=340​,15k=25 Again not among the options.

    This suggests we should parametrize as l=16k,b=30kl=16k, b=30kl=16k,b=30k equivalent to ratio 8:158:158:15 in option scale. Let us test option pairs directly.

  9. Check option pairs having ratio 8:158:158:15.

    From the options 24,32,45,6024,32,45,6024,32,45,60, the only pair in ratio 8:158:158:15 is 24:45=8:1524:45=8:1524:45=8:15

  10. Verify maximum condition with these dimensions.

Here l=24,b=45l=24, b=45l=24,b=45, and total removed area 100100100 gives x=5x=5x=5.

Volume: V(x)=x(24−2x)(45−2x)V(x)=x(24-2x)(45-2x)V(x)=x(24−2x)(45−2x)

Differentiate: V=x(1080−138x+4x2)=1080x−138x2+4x3V=x(1080-138x+4x^2)=1080x-138x^2+4x^3V=x(1080−138x+4x2)=1080x−138x2+4x3 V′(x)=1080−276x+12x2V'(x)=1080-276x+12x^2V′(x)=1080−276x+12x2

At x=5x=5x=5: V′(5)=1080−1380+300=0V'(5)=1080-1380+300=0V′(5)=1080−1380+300=0

Also, V′′(x)=−276+24xV''(x)=-276+24xV′′(x)=−276+24x V′′(5)=−276+120=−156<0V''(5)=-276+120=-156<0V′′(5)=−276+120=−156<0

So x=5x=5x=5 indeed gives maximum volume.

  1. Therefore the sheet sides are 24 and 4524 \text{ and } 4524 and 45

So the correct options are A and C.

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