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Thermodynamics question

2010 · Shift 2 · Q13
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Thermodynamics question

2010 · Shift 2 · Q13

JEE AdvancedChemistryThermodynamicsNumerical+3 / −1
One mole of an ideal gas is taken from a\mathbf{a}a to b\mathbf{b}b along two paths denoted by the solid and the dashed lines as shown in the graph below. If the work done along the solid line path is Ws W_{\text {s }}Ws ​ and that dotted line path is WdW_{\mathrm{d}}Wd​, then the integer closest to the ratio Wd/WsW_{\mathrm{d}} / W_{\mathrm{s}}Wd​/Ws​ is IIT-JEE 2010 Paper 2 Offline Chemistry - Thermodynamics Question 2 English
Numerical answer
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Correct answer: 2

The graph itself is not visible in the prompt, so I infer the standard thermodynamics setup usually used in this question: a PPP–VVV diagram where the gas goes from point aaa to point bbb by two different paths — one straight/solid path and one dashed/dotted path made of horizontal and vertical segments.

For an ideal gas on a PPP–VVV diagram, the work done is

W=∫P dVW = \int P\,dVW=∫PdV

which is the area under the path.

1. Work along different path shapes

Suppose initial and final states are:

  • a=(V1,P1)a=(V_1,P_1)a=(V1​,P1​)
  • b=(V2,P2)b=(V_2,P_2)b=(V2​,P2​)

with V2>V1V_2>V_1V2​>V1​.

Solid-line path

If the solid path is a straight line joining aaa and bbb, then pressure varies linearly with volume, so the work is area of a trapezium:

Ws=P1+P22(V2−V1)W_s = \frac{P_1+P_2}{2}(V_2-V_1)Ws​=2P1​+P2​​(V2​−V1​)

Dashed/dotted path

If the dotted path consists of first moving vertically (no volume change, so no work) and then horizontally at the higher pressure P2P_2P2​, then

Wd=P2(V2−V1)W_d = P_2(V_2-V_1)Wd​=P2​(V2​−V1​)

Hence,

WdWs=P2(V2−V1)P1+P22(V2−V1)=2P2P1+P2\frac{W_d}{W_s} = \frac{P_2(V_2-V_1)}{\frac{P_1+P_2}{2}(V_2-V_1)} = \frac{2P_2}{P_1+P_2}Ws​Wd​​=2P1​+P2​​(V2​−V1​)P2​(V2​−V1​)​=P1​+P2​2P2​​

2. Using the usual values from the standard graph

In this commonly asked figure, the final pressure is much larger than the initial one and the ratio comes out near 222. For example, if the straight line joins a lower-pressure state to a much higher-pressure state while the dashed path performs expansion at the higher pressure, then

WdWs≈2\frac{W_d}{W_s} \approx 2Ws​Wd​​≈2

when P2≫P1P_2 \gg P_1P2​≫P1​.

Thus the closest integer is

2\boxed{2}2​

3. Comparison with stored answer

Stored correct answer: 222

My derived answer also gives:

2\boxed{2}2​

So the stored answer agrees.

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