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Electrochemistry question

2024 · Shift 1 · Q14
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Electrochemistry question

2024 · Shift 1 · Q14

JEE AdvancedChemistryElectrochemistryMCQ+3 / −1

In a conductometric titration, small volume of titrant of higher concentration is added stepwise to a larger volume of titrate of much lower concentration, and the conductance is measured after each addition.

The limiting ionic conductivity (Λ0)\left(\Lambda_0\right)(Λ0​) values (in mSm2 mol−1\mathrm{mS} \mathrm{m}{ }^2 \mathrm{~mol}^{-1}mSm2 mol−1 ) for different ions in aqueous solutions are given below:

 Ions Ag+K+Na+H+NO3−Cl−SO42−OH−CH3COO−Λ06.27.45.035.07.27.616.019.94.1\begin{array}{|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|} \hline \text { Ions } & \mathrm{Ag}^{+} & \mathrm{K}^{+} & \mathrm{Na}^{+} & \mathrm{H}^{+} & \mathrm{NO}_3^{-} & \mathrm{Cl}^{-} & \mathrm{SO}_4^{2-} & \mathrm{OH}^{-} & \mathrm{CH}_3 \mathrm{COO}^{-} \\ \hline \Lambda_0 & 6.2 & 7.4 & 5.0 & 35.0 & 7.2 & 7.6 & 16.0 & 19.9 & 4.1 \\ \hline \end{array} Ions Λ0​​Ag+6.2​K+7.4​Na+5.0​H+35.0​NO3−​7.2​Cl−7.6​SO42−​16.0​OH−19.9​CH3​COO−4.1​​

For different combinations of titrates and titrants given in List-I, the graphs of 'conductance' versus 'volume of titrant' are given in List-II.

Match each entry in List-I with the appropriate entry in List-II and choose the correct option.

LIST-I LIST-II
(P) Titrate: KClKClKCl
Titrant: AgNO3AgNO_3AgNO3​
JEE Advanced 2024 Paper 1 Online Chemistry - Electrochemistry Question 3 English 1
(Q) Titrate: AgNO3AgNO_3AgNO3​
Titrant: KClKClKCl
JEE Advanced 2024 Paper 1 Online Chemistry - Electrochemistry Question 3 English 2
(R) Titrate: NaOHNaOHNaOH
Titrant: HClHClHCl
JEE Advanced 2024 Paper 1 Online Chemistry - Electrochemistry Question 3 English 3
(S) Titrate: NaOHNaOHNaOH
Titrant: CH3COOHCH_3COOHCH3​COOH
JEE Advanced 2024 Paper 1 Online Chemistry - Electrochemistry Question 3 English 4
JEE Advanced 2024 Paper 1 Online Chemistry - Electrochemistry Question 3 English 5
  1. A
    P-4, Q-3, R-2, S-5
  2. B
    P-2, Q-4, R-3, S-1
  3. C
    P-3, Q-4, R-2, S-5
  4. D
    P-4, Q-3, R-2, S-1
View written solutionFree

Correct answer: C

Step 1: Principle of conductometric titration

Conductance depends on:

  1. Number of ions present
  2. Charge on ions
  3. Ionic mobility

Here, we compare slopes using limiting ionic conductivity values Λ0\Lambda_0Λ0​.

At equivalence point, the nature of ions present changes, so the graph shows a break.


Step 2: Analyse each titration

(P) Titrate: KClKClKCl, Titrant: AgNO3AgNO_3AgNO3​

Reaction: Ag++Cl−→AgCl(s)Ag^+ + Cl^- \rightarrow AgCl(s)Ag++Cl−→AgCl(s)

Initially, solution contains K+K^+K+ and Cl−Cl^-Cl−. As AgNO3AgNO_3AgNO3​ is added, Cl−Cl^-Cl− is removed as precipitate and is replaced by NO3−NO_3^-NO3−​.

Compare ionic conductivities: λ0(Cl−)=7.6,λ0(NO3−)=7.2\lambda^0(Cl^-) = 7.6, \qquad \lambda^0(NO_3^-) = 7.2λ0(Cl−)=7.6,λ0(NO3−​)=7.2

So before equivalence, conductance slightly decreases. After equivalence, excess AgNO3AgNO_3AgNO3​ adds free Ag+Ag^+Ag+ and NO3−NO_3^-NO3−​, so conductance increases sharply.

Thus graph: small decrease up to equivalence, then increase. So P→3P \to 3P→3.


(Q) Titrate: AgNO3AgNO_3AgNO3​, Titrant: KClKClKCl

Reaction: Ag++Cl−→AgCl(s)Ag^+ + Cl^- \rightarrow AgCl(s)Ag++Cl−→AgCl(s)

Initially, solution contains Ag+Ag^+Ag+ and NO3−NO_3^-NO3−​. As KClKClKCl is added, Ag+Ag^+Ag+ is removed and replaced by K+K^+K+.

Compare ionic conductivities: λ0(Ag+)=6.2,λ0(K+)=7.4\lambda^0(Ag^+) = 6.2, \qquad \lambda^0(K^+) = 7.4λ0(Ag+)=6.2,λ0(K+)=7.4

So before equivalence, conductance increases slightly. After equivalence, excess KClKClKCl adds free K+K^+K+ and Cl−Cl^-Cl−, so conductance increases more steeply.

Thus graph: increase before equivalence, steeper increase after equivalence. So Q→4Q \to 4Q→4.


(R) Titrate: NaOHNaOHNaOH, Titrant: HClHClHCl

Reaction: NaOH+HCl→NaCl+H2ONaOH + HCl \rightarrow NaCl + H_2ONaOH+HCl→NaCl+H2​O

Initially, solution contains Na+Na^+Na+ and OH−OH^-OH−. Since λ0(OH−)=19.9\lambda^0(OH^-) = 19.9λ0(OH−)=19.9 is high, replacing OH−OH^-OH− by Cl−Cl^-Cl− λ0(Cl−)=7.6\lambda^0(Cl^-) = 7.6λ0(Cl−)=7.6 causes conductance to decrease sharply up to equivalence.

After equivalence, excess HClHClHCl adds highly mobile H+H^+H+: λ0(H+)=35.0\lambda^0(H^+) = 35.0λ0(H+)=35.0 so conductance increases sharply.

Thus graph: V-shaped, sharp decrease then sharp increase. So R→2R \to 2R→2.


(S) Titrate: NaOHNaOHNaOH, Titrant: CH3COOHCH_3COOHCH3​COOH

Reaction: NaOH+CH3COOH→CH3COONa+H2ONaOH + CH_3COOH \rightarrow CH_3COONa + H_2ONaOH+CH3​COOH→CH3​COONa+H2​O

Initially, solution contains Na+Na^+Na+ and OH−OH^-OH−. As acetic acid is added, OH−OH^-OH− is replaced by CH3COO−CH_3COO^-CH3​COO−.

Compare: λ0(OH−)=19.9,λ0(CH3COO−)=4.1\lambda^0(OH^-) = 19.9, \qquad \lambda^0(CH_3COO^-) = 4.1λ0(OH−)=19.9,λ0(CH3​COO−)=4.1

So conductance decreases strongly up to equivalence. After equivalence, because CH3COOHCH_3COOHCH3​COOH is a weak acid, it ionizes only slightly, so conductance increases only slightly after equivalence.

Thus graph: decrease up to equivalence, then gentle increase. So S→5S \to 5S→5.


Step 3: Final matching

We get: P−3,Q−4,R−2,S−5P-3, \quad Q-4, \quad R-2, \quad S-5P−3,Q−4,R−2,S−5

This corresponds to Option C.


Step 4: Comparison with stored answer

Stored correct answer = C

Our derived answer = C

So the answer agrees.

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