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Electrostatics question

2025 · Q137
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Electrostatics question

2025 · Q137

NEETPhysicsElectrostaticsMCQ+4 / −1

An electric dipole with dipole moment 5×10−6Cm5 \times 10^{-6} \mathrm{Cm}5×10−6Cm is aligned with the direction of a uniform electric field of magnitude 4×105 N/C4 \times 10^5 \mathrm{~N} / \mathrm{C}4×105 N/C. The dipole is then rotated through an angle of 60∘60^{\circ}60∘ with respect to the electric field. The change in the potential energy of the dipole is:

  1. A
    1.2 J
  2. B
    1.5 J
  3. C
    0.8 J
  4. D
    1.0 J
View written solutionFree

Correct answer: D

Given:

Dipole moment, $ |\vec{P}| = 5 \times 10^{-6} \, \text{Cm} $

Electric field magnitude, $ |\vec{E}| = 4 \times 10^5 \, \text{N/C} $

Initial angle, $ \theta_i = 0^\circ $

Final angle, $ \theta_f = 60^\circ $

To calculate the change in potential energy $ \Delta U $ of the dipole:

$ \Delta U = U_f - U_i = -PE \cos \theta_f + PE \cos \theta_i $

Simplifying, we have:

$ \Delta U = PE \left( \cos \theta_i - \cos \theta_f \right) $

Substitute the known values:

$ \Delta U = 5 \times 10^{-6} \times 4 \times 10^5 \left(1 - \frac{1}{2}\right) $

Calculate further:

$ \Delta U = 5 \times 10^{-6} \times 4 \times 10^5 \times \frac{1}{2} $

$ \Delta U = 10 \times 10^{-6} \times 10^5 $

Which simplifies to:

$ \Delta U = 1 \, \text{J} $

Thus, the change in the potential energy of the dipole is $\boxed{1 \, \text{J}}$.

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