An electric dipole with dipole moment is aligned with the direction of a uniform electric field of magnitude . The dipole is then rotated through an angle of with respect to the electric field. The change in the potential energy of the dipole is:
- A1.2 J
- B1.5 J
- C0.8 J
- D1.0 J
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Correct answer: D
Given:
Dipole moment, $ |\vec{P}| = 5 \times 10^{-6} \, \text{Cm} $
Electric field magnitude, $ |\vec{E}| = 4 \times 10^5 \, \text{N/C} $
Initial angle, $ \theta_i = 0^\circ $
Final angle, $ \theta_f = 60^\circ $
To calculate the change in potential energy $ \Delta U $ of the dipole:
$ \Delta U = U_f - U_i = -PE \cos \theta_f + PE \cos \theta_i $
Simplifying, we have:
$ \Delta U = PE \left( \cos \theta_i - \cos \theta_f \right) $
Substitute the known values:
$ \Delta U = 5 \times 10^{-6} \times 4 \times 10^5 \left(1 - \frac{1}{2}\right) $
Calculate further:
$ \Delta U = 5 \times 10^{-6} \times 4 \times 10^5 \times \frac{1}{2} $
$ \Delta U = 10 \times 10^{-6} \times 10^5 $
Which simplifies to:
$ \Delta U = 1 \, \text{J} $
Thus, the change in the potential energy of the dipole is $\boxed{1 \, \text{J}}$.
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