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Properties of Matter question

2024 · 6 Apr · Shift 2 · Q89
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Properties of Matter question

2024 · 6 Apr · Shift 2 · Q89

JEE MainPhysicsProperties of MatterNumerical+4 / −1
A wire of cross sectional area A, modulus of elasticity 2×1011 Nm−22 \times 10^{11} \mathrm{~Nm}^{-2}2×1011 Nm−2 and length 2 m2 \mathrm{~m}2 m is stretched between two vertical rigid supports. When a mass of 2 kg2 \mathrm{~kg}2 kg is suspended at the middle it sags lower from its original position making angle θ=1100\theta=\frac{1}{100}θ=1001​ radian on the points of support. The value of A is ‾\underline{\hspace{2cm}}​×10−4 m2\times 10^{-4} \mathrm{~m}^2×10−4 m2(consider x<<Lx\lt \lt \mathrm{L}x<<L). (given : g=10 m/s2\mathrm{g}=10 \mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{s}^2g=10 m/s2) JEE Main 2024 (Online) 6th April Evening Shift Physics - Properties of Matter Question 35 English
Numerical answer
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Correct answer: 1

  1. Given data
  • Young’s modulus: Y=2×1011 N m−2Y = 2\times 10^{11}\,\text{N m}^{-2}Y=2×1011N m−2
  • Original length of wire: 2 m2\,\text{m}2m
  • Mass suspended at middle: m=2 kgm=2\,\text{kg}m=2kg
  • Hence weight: mg=20 Nmg = 20\,\text{N}mg=20N
  • Angle made at each support: θ=1100 rad\theta = \dfrac{1}{100}\,\text{rad}θ=1001​rad
  • Required: cross-sectional area AAA

Since the mass is suspended at the middle, the wire is divided into two equal halves. So original length of each half is L=1 m.L=1\,\text{m}.L=1m.

  1. Tension in each half of wire

At the mass, vertical equilibrium gives 2Tsin⁡θ=mg.2T\sin\theta = mg.2Tsinθ=mg.

For small angle, sin⁡θ≈θ=1100\sin\theta \approx \theta = \frac{1}{100}sinθ≈θ=1001​. So 2T(1100)=202T\left(\frac{1}{100}\right)=202T(1001​)=20 2T100=20\frac{2T}{100}=201002T​=20 T=1000 N.T=1000\,\text{N}.T=1000N.

  1. Extension of each half due to tension

Extension formula: ΔL=TLAY.\Delta L = \frac{TL}{AY}.ΔL=AYTL​.

Here L=1 mL=1\,\text{m}L=1m, so

  1. Geometrical relation for small sag

If the midpoint sags and each half makes angle θ\thetaθ with the horizontal, then new length of each half is L′=Lcos⁡θ.L' = \frac{L}{\cos\theta}.L′=cosθL​.

Hence extension in each half is ΔL=L′−L=L(1cos⁡θ−1).\Delta L = L'-L = L\left(\frac{1}{\cos\theta}-1\right).ΔL=L′−L=L(cosθ1​−1).

For small θ\thetaθ, 1cos⁡θ−1≈θ22.\frac{1}{\cos\theta}-1 \approx \frac{\theta^2}{2}.cosθ1​−1≈2θ2​.

Thus ΔL≈Lθ22=1⋅(1/100)22=12×104=5×10−5 m.\Delta L \approx L\frac{\theta^2}{2} = 1\cdot \frac{(1/100)^2}{2} = \frac{1}{2\times 10^4}=5\times 10^{-5}\,\text{m}.ΔL≈L2θ2​=1⋅2(1/100)2​=2×1041​=5×10−5m.

  1. Equate elastic extension and geometrical extension

1000A⋅2×1011=5×10−5.\frac{1000}{A\cdot 2\times 10^{11}} = 5\times 10^{-5}.A⋅2×10111000​=5×10−5.

So, 1000=A⋅2×1011⋅5×10−5.1000 = A\cdot 2\times 10^{11}\cdot 5\times 10^{-5}.1000=A⋅2×1011⋅5×10−5.

Now, 2×1011⋅5×10−5=10×106=107.2\times 10^{11}\cdot 5\times 10^{-5} = 10\times 10^6 = 10^7.2×1011⋅5×10−5=10×106=107.

Therefore, 1000=A×1071000 = A\times 10^71000=A×107 A=1000107=10−4 m2.A = \frac{1000}{10^7} = 10^{-4}\,\text{m}^2.A=1071000​=10−4m2.

  1. Final value

The question asks for AAA in the form ‾×10−4 m2.\underline{\hspace{1cm}}\times 10^{-4}\,\text{m}^2.​×10−4m2.

So the required integer is 1.\boxed{1}.1​.

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