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Electrostatics question

2025 · 24 Jan · Shift 1 · Q60
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Electrostatics question

2025 · 24 Jan · Shift 1 · Q60

JEE MainPhysicsElectrostaticsMCQ+4 / −1
Consider a parallel plate capacitor of area A (of each plate) and separation ' ddd' between the plates. If EEE is the electric field and ε0\varepsilon_0ε0​ is the permittivity of free space between the plates, then potential energy stored in the capacitor is
  1. A
    ε0E2Ad\varepsilon_0 \mathrm{E}^2 \mathrm{Ad}ε0​E2Ad
  2. B
    34ε0E2Ad\frac{3}{4} \varepsilon_0 \mathrm{E}^2 \mathrm{Ad}43​ε0​E2Ad
  3. C
    14ε0E2Ad\frac{1}{4} \varepsilon_0 \mathrm{E}^2 \mathrm{Ad}41​ε0​E2Ad
  4. D
    12ε0E2Ad\frac{1}{2} \varepsilon_0 \mathrm{E}^2 \mathrm{Ad}21​ε0​E2Ad
View written solutionFree

Correct answer: D

  1. For a parallel plate capacitor, the energy stored is

U=12CV2U = \frac{1}{2}CV^2U=21​CV2

  1. For a parallel plate capacitor,

C=ε0AdC = \frac{\varepsilon_0 A}{d}C=dε0​A​

and the potential difference between the plates is

V=EdV = EdV=Ed

  1. Substitute these into the energy formula:

U=12(ε0Ad)(Ed)2U = \frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{\varepsilon_0 A}{d}\right)(Ed)^2U=21​(dε0​A​)(Ed)2

  1. Simplify:

U=12(ε0Ad)E2d2U = \frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{\varepsilon_0 A}{d}\right)E^2 d^2U=21​(dε0​A​)E2d2

U=12ε0E2AdU = \frac{1}{2}\varepsilon_0 E^2 AdU=21​ε0​E2Ad

  1. Hence, the potential energy stored in the capacitor is

12ε0E2Ad\boxed{\frac{1}{2}\varepsilon_0 E^2 Ad}21​ε0​E2Ad​

  1. Checking options:
  • A: ε0E2Ad\varepsilon_0 E^2 Adε0​E2Ad ❌
  • B: 34ε0E2Ad\frac{3}{4}\varepsilon_0 E^2 Ad43​ε0​E2Ad ❌
  • C: 14ε0E2Ad\frac{1}{4}\varepsilon_0 E^2 Ad41​ε0​E2Ad ❌
  • D: 12ε0E2Ad\frac{1}{2}\varepsilon_0 E^2 Ad21​ε0​E2Ad ✅

Therefore, the correct answer is D.

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