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Current Electricity question

2021 · 26 Aug · Shift 1 · Q58
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  5. /2021 · 26 Aug · Shift 1 · Q58

Current Electricity question

2021 · 26 Aug · Shift 1 · Q58

JEE MainPhysicsCurrent ElectricityMCQ+4 / −1
What equal length of an iron wire and a copper-nickel alloy wire, each of 2 mm diameter connected parallel to give an equivalent resistance of 3 Ω\OmegaΩ? (Given resistivities of iron and copper-nickel alloy wire are 12 μΩ\mu\OmegaμΩ and 51 μΩ\mu\OmegaμΩ cm respectively)
  1. A
    82 m
  2. B
    97 m
  3. C
    110 m
  4. D
    90 m
View written solutionFree

Correct answer: B

  1. Given data
  • Two wires of equal length LLL
  • Diameter of each wire: d=2 mmd = 2\ \text{mm}d=2 mm
  • Radius: r=1 mm=10−3 mr = 1\ \text{mm} = 10^{-3}\ \text{m}r=1 mm=10−3 m
  • Cross-sectional area: A=πr2=π(10−3)2=π×10−6 m2A = \pi r^2 = \pi (10^{-3})^2 = \pi \times 10^{-6}\ \text{m}^2A=πr2=π(10−3)2=π×10−6 m2
  • Equivalent resistance in parallel: Req=3 ΩR_{eq} = 3\ \OmegaReq​=3 Ω

Resistivities:

  • Iron: 12 μΩ cm12\ \mu\Omega\text{ cm}12 μΩ cm
  • Copper-nickel alloy: 51 μΩ cm51\ \mu\Omega\text{ cm}51 μΩ cm

Convert into SI units:

Since 1 μΩ cm=10−6Ω×10−2 m=10−8 Ω m1\ \mu\Omega\text{ cm} = 10^{-6}\Omega \times 10^{-2}\text{ m} = 10^{-8}\ \Omega\text{ m}1 μΩ cm=10−6Ω×10−2 m=10−8 Ω m

Therefore, ρ1=12×10−8=1.2×10−7 Ω m\rho_1 = 12 \times 10^{-8} = 1.2 \times 10^{-7}\ \Omega\text{ m}ρ1​=12×10−8=1.2×10−7 Ω m ρ2=51×10−8=5.1×10−7 Ω m\rho_2 = 51 \times 10^{-8} = 5.1 \times 10^{-7}\ \Omega\text{ m}ρ2​=51×10−8=5.1×10−7 Ω m


  1. Resistance of each wire

Using R=ρLAR = \frac{\rho L}{A}R=AρL​

So, R1=ρ1LA,R2=ρ2LAR_1 = \frac{\rho_1 L}{A}, \qquad R_2 = \frac{\rho_2 L}{A}R1​=Aρ1​L​,R2​=Aρ2​L​

Since they are connected in parallel, 1Req=1R1+1R2\frac{1}{R_{eq}} = \frac{1}{R_1} + \frac{1}{R_2}Req​1​=R1​1​+R2​1​

Substitute: 13=Aρ1L+Aρ2L\frac{1}{3} = \frac{A}{\rho_1 L} + \frac{A}{\rho_2 L}31​=ρ1​LA​+ρ2​LA​

13=AL(1ρ1+1ρ2)\frac{1}{3} = \frac{A}{L}\left(\frac{1}{\rho_1} + \frac{1}{\rho_2}\right)31​=LA​(ρ1​1​+ρ2​1​)

Hence, L=3A(1ρ1+1ρ2)L = 3A\left(\frac{1}{\rho_1} + \frac{1}{\rho_2}\right)L=3A(ρ1​1​+ρ2​1​)


  1. Substitute values

First compute: 1ρ1=11.2×10−7=8.333×106\frac{1}{\rho_1} = \frac{1}{1.2\times 10^{-7}} = 8.333\times 10^6ρ1​1​=1.2×10−71​=8.333×106 1ρ2=15.1×10−7=1.961×106\frac{1}{\rho_2} = \frac{1}{5.1\times 10^{-7}} = 1.961\times 10^6ρ2​1​=5.1×10−71​=1.961×106

So, 1ρ1+1ρ2=10.294×106\frac{1}{\rho_1}+\frac{1}{\rho_2} = 10.294\times 10^6ρ1​1​+ρ2​1​=10.294×106

Now, L=3×(π×10−6)×(10.294×106)L = 3 \times (\pi \times 10^{-6}) \times (10.294 \times 10^6)L=3×(π×10−6)×(10.294×106)

L=3π×10.294L = 3\pi \times 10.294L=3π×10.294

L≈97.0 mL \approx 97.0\ \text{m}L≈97.0 m


  1. Match with options

The required equal length is 97 m\boxed{97\ \text{m}}97 m​

So the correct option is B.

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