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Atoms and Nuclei question

2023 · 12 Apr · Shift 1 · Q67
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Atoms and Nuclei question

2023 · 12 Apr · Shift 1 · Q67

JEE MainPhysicsAtoms and NucleiNumerical+4 / −1
A common example of alpha decay is 92238U⟶90234Th+2He4+Q{ }_{92}^{238} \mathrm{U} \longrightarrow{ }_{90}^{234} \mathrm{Th}+{ }_{2} \mathrm{He}^{4}+\mathrm{Q}92238​U⟶90234​Th+2​He4+Q Given : 92238U=238.05060 u{ }_{92}^{238} \mathrm{U}=238.05060 ~\mathrm{u}92238​U=238.05060 u, 90234Th=234.04360 u{ }_{90}^{234} \mathrm{Th}=234.04360 ~\mathrm{u}90234​Th=234.04360 u, 24He=4.00260 u{ }_{2}^{4} \mathrm{He}=4.00260 ~\mathrm{u}24​He=4.00260 u and 1u=931.5MeVc21 \mathrm{u}=931.5 \frac{\mathrm{MeV}}{c^{2}}1u=931.5c2MeV​ The energy released (Q)(Q)(Q) during the alpha decay of 92238U{ }_{92}^{238} \mathrm{U}92238​U is ‾\underline{\hspace{2cm}}​ MeV
Numerical answer
View written solutionFree

Correct answer: 4

  1. Use the mass defect formula for alpha decay

    For the decay 92238U→90234Th+24He+Q,^{238}_{92}\mathrm{U} \to {}^{234}_{90}\mathrm{Th} + {}^{4}_{2}\mathrm{He} + Q,92238​U→90234​Th+24​He+Q, the energy released is Q=Δm c2=[m(238U)−m(234Th)−m(4He)]c2.Q = \Delta m\,c^2 = \left[m(^{238}\mathrm{U}) - m(^{234}\mathrm{Th}) - m(^{4}\mathrm{He})\right]c^2.Q=Δmc2=[m(238U)−m(234Th)−m(4He)]c2.

  2. Substitute the given masses

    m(238U)=238.05060 um(^{238}\mathrm{U}) = 238.05060\,um(238U)=238.05060u m(234Th)=234.04360 um(^{234}\mathrm{Th}) = 234.04360\,um(234Th)=234.04360u m(4He)=4.00260 um(^{4}\mathrm{He}) = 4.00260\,um(4He)=4.00260u

    So, Δm=238.05060−(234.04360+4.00260)\Delta m = 238.05060 - (234.04360 + 4.00260)Δm=238.05060−(234.04360+4.00260)

  3. Calculate the mass defect

    First add the daughter nucleus and alpha particle masses: 234.04360+4.00260=238.04620 u234.04360 + 4.00260 = 238.04620\,u234.04360+4.00260=238.04620u

    Therefore, Δm=238.05060−238.04620=0.00440 u\Delta m = 238.05060 - 238.04620 = 0.00440\,uΔm=238.05060−238.04620=0.00440u

  4. Convert mass defect into energy

    Given 1u=931.5 MeV/c21u = 931.5\,\text{MeV}/c^21u=931.5MeV/c2

    Hence, Q=0.00440×931.5 MeVQ = 0.00440 \times 931.5\,\text{MeV}Q=0.00440×931.5MeV

    Q=4.0986 MeVQ = 4.0986\,\text{MeV}Q=4.0986MeV

  5. Final integer answer

    Q≈4.1 MeVQ \approx 4.1\,\text{MeV}Q≈4.1MeV

    Since the question asks for an integer, 4\boxed{4}4​

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