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Alternating Current question

2025 · 24 Jan · Shift 1 · Q69
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  5. /2025 · 24 Jan · Shift 1 · Q69

Alternating Current question

2025 · 24 Jan · Shift 1 · Q69

JEE MainPhysicsAlternating CurrentMCQ+4 / −1
An alternating current is given by I=IAsin⁡ωt+IBcos⁡ωt\mathrm{I}=\mathrm{I}_{\mathrm{A}} \sin \omega \mathrm{t}+\mathrm{I}_{\mathrm{B}} \cos \omega \mathrm{t}I=IA​sinωt+IB​cosωt. The r.m.s current will be
  1. A
    IA2+IB22\frac{\sqrt{\mathrm{I}_{\mathrm{A}}^2+\mathrm{I}_{\mathrm{B}}^2}}{2}2IA2​+IB2​​​
  2. B
    IA2+IB22\sqrt{\frac{\mathrm{I}_{\mathrm{A}}^2+\mathrm{I}_{\mathrm{B}}^2}{2}}2IA2​+IB2​​​
  3. C
    ∣IA+IB∣2\frac{\left|\mathrm{I}_{\mathrm{A}}+\mathrm{I}_{\mathrm{B}}\right|}{\sqrt{2}}2​∣IA​+IB​∣​
  4. D
    IA2+IB2\sqrt{\mathrm{I}_{\mathrm{A}}^2+\mathrm{I}_{\mathrm{B}}^2}IA2​+IB2​​
View written solutionFree

Correct answer: B

  1. The given alternating current is I(t)=IA sin⁡ωt+IB cos⁡ωt.I(t)=I_A\,\sin \omega t+I_B\,\cos \omega t.I(t)=IA​sinωt+IB​cosωt.

  2. The rms value is defined as Irms=⟨I2(t)⟩.I_{\text{rms}}=\sqrt{\langle I^2(t)\rangle}.Irms​=⟨I2(t)⟩​. So first, square the current: I2=(IAsin⁡ωt+IBcos⁡ωt)2.I^2=(I_A\sin \omega t+I_B\cos \omega t)^2.I2=(IA​sinωt+IB​cosωt)2.

  3. Expanding, I2=IA2sin⁡2ωt+IB2cos⁡2ωt+2IAIBsin⁡ωtcos⁡ωt.I^2=I_A^2\sin^2\omega t+I_B^2\cos^2\omega t+2I_AI_B\sin\omega t\cos\omega t.I2=IA2​sin2ωt+IB2​cos2ωt+2IA​IB​sinωtcosωt.

  4. Now take average over one complete cycle: ⟨sin⁡2ωt⟩=12,⟨cos⁡2ωt⟩=12,⟨sin⁡ωtcos⁡ωt⟩=0.\langle \sin^2\omega t\rangle=\frac12, \qquad \langle \cos^2\omega t\rangle=\frac12, \qquad \langle \sin\omega t\cos\omega t\rangle=0.⟨sin2ωt⟩=21​,⟨cos2ωt⟩=21​,⟨sinωtcosωt⟩=0.

  5. Therefore, ⟨I2⟩=IA2⋅12+IB2⋅12+2IAIB⋅0\langle I^2\rangle=I_A^2\cdot \frac12+I_B^2\cdot \frac12+2I_AI_B\cdot 0⟨I2⟩=IA2​⋅21​+IB2​⋅21​+2IA​IB​⋅0 ⇒⟨I2⟩=IA2+IB22.\Rightarrow \langle I^2\rangle=\frac{I_A^2+I_B^2}{2}.⇒⟨I2⟩=2IA2​+IB2​​.

  6. Hence the rms current is Irms=IA2+IB22.I_{\text{rms}}=\sqrt{\frac{I_A^2+I_B^2}{2}}.Irms​=2IA2​+IB2​​​.

  7. Comparing with the options:

    • A: incorrect
    • B: correct
    • C: incorrect
    • D: incorrect

Therefore, the correct answer is Option B.

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