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Trigonometric Functions and Equations question

2025 · 3 Apr · Shift 1 · Q29
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  5. /2025 · 3 Apr · Shift 1 · Q29

Trigonometric Functions and Equations question

2025 · 3 Apr · Shift 1 · Q29

JEE MainMathematicsTrigonometric Functions and EquationsMCQ+4 / −1
 The number of solutions of the equation 2x+3tan⁡x=π,x∈[−2π,2π]−{±π2,±3π2} is: \text { The number of solutions of the equation } 2 x+3 \tan x=\pi, x \in[-2 \pi, 2 \pi]-\left\{ \pm \frac{\pi}{2}, \pm \frac{3 \pi}{2}\right\} \text { is: } The number of solutions of the equation 2x+3tanx=π,x∈[−2π,2π]−{±2π​,±23π​} is: 
  1. A
    4
  2. B
    5
  3. C
    3
  4. D
    6
View written solutionFree

Correct answer: B

  1. Let f(x)=2x+3tan⁡x−πf(x)=2x+3\tan x-\pif(x)=2x+3tanx−π We need the number of solutions of f(x)=0f(x)=0f(x)=0 for x∈[−2π,2π]∖{±π2,±3π2}.x\in[-2\pi,2\pi]\setminus\left\{\pm\frac{\pi}{2},\pm\frac{3\pi}{2}\right\}.x∈[−2π,2π]∖{±2π​,±23π​}.

  2. The interval is naturally split by the discontinuities of tan⁡x\tan xtanx into: [−2π,−3π2),  (−3π2,−π2),  (−π2,π2),  (π2,3π2),  (3π2,2π].[-2\pi,-\tfrac{3\pi}{2}),\;(-\tfrac{3\pi}{2},-\tfrac{\pi}{2}),\;(-\tfrac{\pi}{2},\tfrac{\pi}{2}),\;(\tfrac{\pi}{2},\tfrac{3\pi}{2}),\;(\tfrac{3\pi}{2},2\pi].[−2π,−23π​),(−23π​,−2π​),(−2π​,2π​),(2π​,23π​),(23π​,2π].

  3. On each such interval, fff is continuous and f′(x)=2+3sec⁡2x>0.f'(x)=2+3\sec^2 x>0.f′(x)=2+3sec2x>0. So fff is strictly increasing on each interval. Therefore, on each interval there can be at most one solution.

  4. Now check the sign/limit of fff on each interval.


Interval 1: [−2π,−3π2)[-2\pi,-\tfrac{3\pi}{2})[−2π,−23π​)

At x=−2πx=-2\pix=−2π, f(−2π)=2(−2π)+3tan⁡(−2π)−π=−4π+0−π=−5π<0.f(-2\pi)=2(-2\pi)+3\tan(-2\pi)-\pi=-4\pi+0-\pi=-5\pi<0.f(−2π)=2(−2π)+3tan(−2π)−π=−4π+0−π=−5π<0. As x→(−3π2)−x\to\left(-\tfrac{3\pi}{2}\right)^-x→(−23π​)−, tan⁡x→+∞\tan x\to +\inftytanx→+∞, so f(x)→+∞.f(x)\to +\infty.f(x)→+∞. Since fff is increasing and changes sign, there is exactly one solution here.


Interval 2: (−3π2,−π2)(-\tfrac{3\pi}{2},-\tfrac{\pi}{2})(−23π​,−2π​)

As x→(−3π2)+x\to\left(-\tfrac{3\pi}{2}\right)^+x→(−23π​)+, tan⁡x→−∞\tan x\to -\inftytanx→−∞, so f(x)→−∞.f(x)\to -\infty.f(x)→−∞. As x→(−π2)−x\to\left(-\tfrac{\pi}{2}\right)^-x→(−2π​)−, tan⁡x→+∞\tan x\to +\inftytanx→+∞, so f(x)→+∞.f(x)\to +\infty.f(x)→+∞. Hence exactly one solution in this interval.


Interval 3: (−π2,π2)(-\tfrac{\pi}{2},\tfrac{\pi}{2})(−2π​,2π​)

As x→(−π2)+x\to\left(-\tfrac{\pi}{2}\right)^+x→(−2π​)+, tan⁡x→−∞\tan x\to -\inftytanx→−∞, so f(x)→−∞.f(x)\to -\infty.f(x)→−∞. As x→(π2)−x\to\left(\tfrac{\pi}{2}\right)^-x→(2π​)−, tan⁡x→+∞\tan x\to +\inftytanx→+∞, so f(x)→+∞.f(x)\to +\infty.f(x)→+∞. Hence exactly one solution in this interval.


Interval 4: (π2,3π2)(\tfrac{\pi}{2},\tfrac{3\pi}{2})(2π​,23π​)

As x→(π2)+x\to\left(\tfrac{\pi}{2}\right)^+x→(2π​)+, tan⁡x→−∞\tan x\to -\inftytanx→−∞, so f(x)→−∞.f(x)\to -\infty.f(x)→−∞. As x→(3π2)−x\to\left(\tfrac{3\pi}{2}\right)^-x→(23π​)−, tan⁡x→+∞,\tan x\to +\infty,tanx→+∞, so f(x)→+∞.f(x)\to +\infty.f(x)→+∞. Hence exactly one solution in this interval.


Interval 5: (3π2,2π](\tfrac{3\pi}{2},2\pi](23π​,2π]

As x→(3π2)+x\to\left(\tfrac{3\pi}{2}\right)^+x→(23π​)+, tan⁡x→−∞\tan x\to -\inftytanx→−∞, so f(x)→−∞.f(x)\to -\infty.f(x)→−∞. At x=2πx=2\pix=2π, f(2π)=2(2π)+3tan⁡(2π)−π=4π+0−π=3π>0.f(2\pi)=2(2\pi)+3\tan(2\pi)-\pi=4\pi+0-\pi=3\pi>0.f(2π)=2(2π)+3tan(2π)−π=4π+0−π=3π>0. Hence exactly one solution in this interval.

  1. Total number of solutions: 1+1+1+1+1=5.1+1+1+1+1=5.1+1+1+1+1=5.

  2. Therefore the correct option is B: 5.\boxed{\text{B: }5}.B: 5​.

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