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Sequences and Series question

2020 · 4 Sep · Shift 2 · Q28
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Sequences and Series question

2020 · 4 Sep · Shift 2 · Q28

JEE MainMathematicsSequences and SeriesMCQ+4 / −1
The minimum value of 2sinx + 2cosx is :
  1. A
    2−1+2{2^{-1 + \sqrt 2 }}2−1+2​
  2. B
    21−12{2^{1 - {1 \over {\sqrt 2 }}}}21−2​1​
  3. C
    21−2{2^{1 - \sqrt 2 }}21−2​
  4. D
    2−1+12{2^{-1 + {1 \over {\sqrt 2 }}}}2−1+2​1​
View written solutionFree

Correct answer: B

  1. We need the minimum value of

2sin⁡x+2cos⁡x.2^{\sin x}+2^{\cos x}.2sinx+2cosx.

  1. Let

a=sin⁡x,b=cos⁡x.a=\sin x,\quad b=\cos x.a=sinx,b=cosx. Then

−1≤a,b≤1,a2+b2=1.-1\le a,b\le 1, \qquad a^2+b^2=1.−1≤a,b≤1,a2+b2=1.

So we must minimize

f(a,b)=2a+2bf(a,b)=2^a+2^bf(a,b)=2a+2b subject to

a2+b2=1.a^2+b^2=1.a2+b2=1.

  1. Since the function is symmetric in aaa and bbb, the minimum should occur when one of them is as small as possible and the other is adjusted by the constraint.

Let us check boundary-type points on the unit circle:

  • If sin⁡x=−1\sin x=-1sinx=−1, then cos⁡x=0\cos x=0cosx=0, so 2sin⁡x+2cos⁡x=2−1+20=12+1=32.2^{\sin x}+2^{\cos x}=2^{-1}+2^0=\frac12+1=\frac32.2sinx+2cosx=2−1+20=21​+1=23​.

  • If cos⁡x=−1\cos x=-1cosx=−1, then sin⁡x=0\sin x=0sinx=0, so again 2sin⁡x+2cos⁡x=1+12=32.2^{\sin x}+2^{\cos x}=1+\frac12=\frac32.2sinx+2cosx=1+21​=23​.

  • If sin⁡x=cos⁡x=12\sin x=\cos x=\frac{1}{\sqrt2}sinx=cosx=2​1​, then 2sin⁡x+2cos⁡x=2⋅21/2=21+1/2,2^{\sin x}+2^{\cos x}=2\cdot 2^{1/\sqrt2}=2^{1+1/\sqrt2},2sinx+2cosx=2⋅21/2​=21+1/2​, which is clearly larger.

  • If sin⁡x=cos⁡x=−12\sin x=\cos x=-\frac{1}{\sqrt2}sinx=cosx=−2​1​, then 2sin⁡x+2cos⁡x=2⋅2−1/2=21−1/2.2^{\sin x}+2^{\cos x}=2\cdot 2^{-1/\sqrt2}=2^{1-1/\sqrt2}.2sinx+2cosx=2⋅2−1/2​=21−1/2​.

Now compare

21−1/2and32.2^{1-1/\sqrt2} \quad \text{and} \quad \frac32.21−1/2​and23​.

Since 1−12≈0.29291-\frac1{\sqrt2}\approx 0.29291−2​1​≈0.2929,

21−1/2≈20.2929≈1.225<1.5.2^{1-1/\sqrt2}\approx 2^{0.2929}\approx 1.225<1.5.21−1/2​≈20.2929≈1.225<1.5.

So this is smaller.

  1. We now justify that this is indeed the minimum.

Using the convexity of 2t2^t2t (since 2t=etln⁡22^t=e^{t\ln2}2t=etln2 is convex), for fixed a2+b2=1a^2+b^2=1a2+b2=1, the symmetric minimum occurs at

a=b=−12.a=b=-\frac1{\sqrt2}.a=b=−2​1​.

Hence

min⁡(2sin⁡x+2cos⁡x)=2⋅2−1/2=21−1/2.\min \left(2^{\sin x}+2^{\cos x}\right)=2\cdot 2^{-1/\sqrt2}=2^{1-1/\sqrt2}.min(2sinx+2cosx)=2⋅2−1/2​=21−1/2​.

  1. Therefore the correct option is

21−12.\boxed{2^{1-\frac1{\sqrt2}}}.21−2​1​​.

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