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Probability question

2024 · 9 Apr · Shift 1 · Q60
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Probability question

2024 · 9 Apr · Shift 1 · Q60

JEE MainMathematicsProbabilityNumerical+4 / −1
Let a,b\mathrm{a}, \mathrm{b}a,b and c\mathrm{c}c denote the outcome of three independent rolls of a fair tetrahedral die, whose four faces are marked 1,2,3,41,2,3,41,2,3,4. If the probability that ax2+bx+c=0a x^2+b x+c=0ax2+bx+c=0 has all real roots is mn,gcd⁡(m,n)=1\frac{m}{n}, \operatorname{gcd}(\mathrm{m}, \mathrm{n})=1nm​,gcd(m,n)=1, then m+n\mathrm{m}+\mathrm{n}m+n is equal to ‾\underline{\hspace{2cm}}​.
Numerical answer
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Correct answer: 19

  1. We roll a fair tetrahedral die three times, so a,b,c∈{1,2,3,4}a,b,c \in \{1,2,3,4\}a,b,c∈{1,2,3,4} independently.

  2. Total number of possible ordered triples (a,b,c)(a,b,c)(a,b,c) is 43=64.4^3=64.43=64.

  3. For the quadratic ax2+bx+c=0ax^2+bx+c=0ax2+bx+c=0 to have all real roots, its discriminant must be non-negative: b2−4ac≥0.b^2-4ac \ge 0.b2−4ac≥0.

    Since a∈{1,2,3,4}a\in\{1,2,3,4\}a∈{1,2,3,4}, we always have a≠0a\ne 0a=0, so it is indeed a quadratic.

  4. We now count the number of triples satisfying b2≥4ac.b^2 \ge 4ac.b2≥4ac.


Case 1: b=1b=1b=1

Then b2=1,b^2=1,b2=1, so we need 1≥4ac.1\ge 4ac.1≥4ac. But a,c≥1a,c\ge 1a,c≥1, hence 4ac≥44ac\ge 44ac≥4. Impossible.

Number of favorable triples: 000.


Case 2: b=2b=2b=2

Then b2=4,b^2=4,b2=4, so we need 4≥4ac  ⟹  ac≤1.4\ge 4ac \implies ac\le 1.4≥4ac⟹ac≤1. Since a,c≥1a,c\ge 1a,c≥1, this happens only when (a,c)=(1,1).(a,c)=(1,1).(a,c)=(1,1).

Number of favorable triples: 111.


Case 3: b=3b=3b=3

Then b2=9,b^2=9,b2=9, so we need 9≥4ac  ⟹  ac≤94.9\ge 4ac \implies ac\le \frac{9}{4}.9≥4ac⟹ac≤49​. Thus ac≤2.ac\le 2.ac≤2. Possible ordered pairs (a,c)(a,c)(a,c) are: (1,1),(1,2),(2,1).(1,1), (1,2), (2,1).(1,1),(1,2),(2,1).

Number of favorable triples: 333.


Case 4: b=4b=4b=4

Then b2=16,b^2=16,b2=16, so we need 16≥4ac  ⟹  ac≤4.16\ge 4ac \implies ac\le 4.16≥4ac⟹ac≤4. Possible ordered pairs (a,c)(a,c)(a,c) with a,c∈{1,2,3,4}a,c\in\{1,2,3,4\}a,c∈{1,2,3,4} are:

  • a=1a=1a=1: c=1,2,3,4c=1,2,3,4c=1,2,3,4
  • a=2a=2a=2: c=1,2c=1,2c=1,2
  • a=3a=3a=3: c=1c=1c=1
  • a=4a=4a=4: c=1c=1c=1

So total pairs: 4+2+1+1=8.4+2+1+1=8.4+2+1+1=8.

Number of favorable triples: 888.


  1. Total favorable triples: 0+1+3+8=12.0+1+3+8=12.0+1+3+8=12.

Therefore, required probability is 1264=316.\frac{12}{64}=\frac{3}{16}.6412​=163​.

So, m=3,n=16.m=3,\quad n=16.m=3,n=16. Hence, m+n=3+16=19.m+n=3+16=19.m+n=3+16=19.

Final Answer

19\boxed{19}19​

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