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Probability question

2023 · 11 Apr · Shift 2 · Q39
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Probability question

2023 · 11 Apr · Shift 2 · Q39

JEE MainMathematicsProbabilityNumerical+4 / −1
Let the probability of getting head for a biased coin be 14\frac{1}{4}41​. It is tossed repeatedly until a head appears. Let N\mathrm{N}N be the number of tosses required. If the probability that the equation 64x2+5Nx+1=064 \mathrm{x}^{2}+5 \mathrm{Nx}+1=064x2+5Nx+1=0 has no real root is pq\frac{\mathrm{p}}{\mathrm{q}}qp​, where p\mathrm{p}p and q\mathrm{q}q are coprime, then q−pq-pq−p is equal to ‾\underline{\hspace{2cm}}​.
Numerical answer
View written solutionFree

Correct answer: 27

  1. Distribution of NNN

Since the coin has probability of head P(H)=14,P(H)=\frac14,P(H)=41​, and it is tossed until the first head appears, NNN follows a geometric distribution: P(N=n)=(34)n−1(14),n=1,2,3,…P(N=n)=\left(\frac34\right)^{n-1}\left(\frac14\right), \qquad n=1,2,3,\dotsP(N=n)=(43​)n−1(41​),n=1,2,3,…

  1. Condition for no real roots

Given the quadratic equation 64x2+5Nx+1=0,64x^2+5Nx+1=0,64x2+5Nx+1=0, it has no real root when its discriminant is negative: D=(5N)2−4⋅64⋅1<0.D=(5N)^2-4\cdot 64\cdot 1<0.D=(5N)2−4⋅64⋅1<0. So, 25N2−256<025N^2-256<025N2−256<0 25N2<25625N^2<25625N2<256 N2<25625.N^2<\frac{256}{25}.N2<25256​. Thus, N<165=3.2.N<\frac{16}{5}=3.2.N<516​=3.2. Since NNN is a positive integer, this means N=1,2,3.N=1,2,3.N=1,2,3.

  1. Required probability

So we need P(N≤3)=P(N=1)+P(N=2)+P(N=3).P(N\le 3)=P(N=1)+P(N=2)+P(N=3).P(N≤3)=P(N=1)+P(N=2)+P(N=3).

Using the geometric distribution: P(N=1)=14,P(N=1)=\frac14,P(N=1)=41​, P(N=2)=34⋅14=316,P(N=2)=\frac34\cdot \frac14=\frac{3}{16},P(N=2)=43​⋅41​=163​, P(N=3)=(34)2⋅14=964.P(N=3)=\left(\frac34\right)^2\cdot \frac14=\frac{9}{64}.P(N=3)=(43​)2⋅41​=649​.

Hence, P(N≤3)=14+316+964.P(N\le 3)=\frac14+\frac{3}{16}+\frac{9}{64}.P(N≤3)=41​+163​+649​. Taking LCM 646464: P(N≤3)=16+12+964=3764.P(N\le 3)=\frac{16+12+9}{64}=\frac{37}{64}.P(N≤3)=6416+12+9​=6437​.

Thus, pq=3764\frac{p}{q}=\frac{37}{64}qp​=6437​ with coprime p=37p=37p=37, q=64q=64q=64.

  1. Find q−pq-pq−p

q−p=64−37=27.q-p=64-37=27.q−p=64−37=27.

Final Answer

27\boxed{27}27​

The derived answer matches the stored correct answer.

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