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Probability question

2021 · 25 Jul · Shift 2 · Q45
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  5. /2021 · 25 Jul · Shift 2 · Q45

Probability question

2021 · 25 Jul · Shift 2 · Q45

JEE MainMathematicsProbabilityNumerical+4 / −1
A fair coin is tossed n-times such that the probability of getting at least one head is at least 0.9. Then the minimum value of n is ‾\underline{\hspace{2cm}}​.
Numerical answer
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Correct answer: 4

  1. Let the coin be fair, so for each toss: P(H)=12,P(T)=12.P(H)=\frac{1}{2}, \qquad P(T)=\frac{1}{2}.P(H)=21​,P(T)=21​.

  2. We need the probability of getting at least one head in nnn tosses to be at least 0.90.90.9.

    Using the complement: P(at least one head)=1−P(no head)=1−P(all tails).P(\text{at least one head}) = 1 - P(\text{no head}) = 1 - P(\text{all tails}).P(at least one head)=1−P(no head)=1−P(all tails).

  3. The probability of getting all tails in nnn tosses is: P(all tails)=(12)n.P(\text{all tails}) = \left(\frac{1}{2}\right)^n.P(all tails)=(21​)n.

    Therefore, P(at least one head)=1−(12)n.P(\text{at least one head}) = 1 - \left(\frac{1}{2}\right)^n.P(at least one head)=1−(21​)n.

  4. Given: 1−(12)n≥0.9.1 - \left(\frac{1}{2}\right)^n \ge 0.9.1−(21​)n≥0.9.

    Rearranging: (12)n≤0.1.\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)^n \le 0.1.(21​)n≤0.1.

  5. Now check integer values of nnn:

    • For n=3n=3n=3: (12)3=18=0.125>0.1\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)^3 = \frac{1}{8} = 0.125 > 0.1(21​)3=81​=0.125>0.1 so this does not satisfy the condition.

    • For n=4n=4n=4: (12)4=116=0.0625≤0.1\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)^4 = \frac{1}{16} = 0.0625 \le 0.1(21​)4=161​=0.0625≤0.1 so this does satisfy the condition.

  6. Hence, the minimum value of nnn is: 4.\boxed{4}.4​.

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