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Probability question

2021 · 27 Aug · Shift 1 · Q30
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  5. /2021 · 27 Aug · Shift 1 · Q30

Probability question

2021 · 27 Aug · Shift 1 · Q30

JEE MainMathematicsProbabilityMCQ+4 / −1
When a certain biased die is rolled, a particular face occurs with probability 16−x{1 \over 6} - x61​−x and its opposite face occurs with probability 16+x{1 \over 6} + x61​+x. All other faces occur with probability 16{1 \over 6}61​. Note that opposite faces sum to 7 in any die. If 0 < x < 16{1 \over 6}61​, and the probability of obtaining total sum = 7, when such a die is rolled twice, is 1396{13 \over 96}9613​, then the value of x is :
  1. A
    116{1 \over 16}161​
  2. B
    18{1 \over 8}81​
  3. C
    19{1 \over 9}91​
  4. D
    112{1 \over 12}121​
View written solutionFree

Correct answer: B

  1. Set up the probabilities

Let the particular face be iii, so its opposite face is 7−i7-i7−i.

Given:

  • P(i)=16−xP(i)=\dfrac{1}{6}-xP(i)=61​−x
  • P(7−i)=16+xP(7-i)=\dfrac{1}{6}+xP(7−i)=61​+x
  • Each of the remaining 444 faces has probability 16\dfrac{1}{6}61​

We roll this same biased die twice.


  1. Find the probability that the sum is 777

For a standard die labeling, the pairs summing to 777 are: (1,6),(2,5),(3,4),(4,3),(5,2),(6,1)(1,6),(2,5),(3,4),(4,3),(5,2),(6,1)(1,6),(2,5),(3,4),(4,3),(5,2),(6,1)

So for two independent rolls, P(sum=7)=∑k=16P(k)P(7−k).P(\text{sum}=7)=\sum_{k=1}^{6} P(k)P(7-k).P(sum=7)=∑k=16​P(k)P(7−k).

Now among these 6 ordered pairs:

  • Two pairs involve the special opposite faces: (i,7−i)(i,7-i)(i,7−i) and (7−i,i)(7-i,i)(7−i,i)
  • The other 4 pairs involve ordinary faces

Thus, P(sum=7)=2(16−x)(16+x)+4(16⋅16).P(\text{sum}=7)=2\left(\frac16-x\right)\left(\frac16+x\right)+4\left(\frac16\cdot\frac16\right).P(sum=7)=2(61​−x)(61​+x)+4(61​⋅61​).


  1. Simplify

First, (16−x)(16+x)=136−x2.\left(\frac16-x\right)\left(\frac16+x\right)=\frac{1}{36}-x^2.(61​−x)(61​+x)=361​−x2.

Therefore, P(sum=7)=2(136−x2)+4⋅136.P(\text{sum}=7)=2\left(\frac{1}{36}-x^2\right)+4\cdot\frac{1}{36}.P(sum=7)=2(361​−x2)+4⋅361​.

=236−2x2+436=\frac{2}{36}-2x^2+\frac{4}{36}=362​−2x2+364​

=636−2x2=16−2x2.=\frac{6}{36}-2x^2=\frac16-2x^2.=366​−2x2=61​−2x2.

Given this equals 1396\dfrac{13}{96}9613​, so 16−2x2=1396.\frac16-2x^2=\frac{13}{96}.61​−2x2=9613​.


  1. Solve for xxx

Since 16=1696,\frac16=\frac{16}{96},61​=9616​, we get 1696−2x2=1396\frac{16}{96}-2x^2=\frac{13}{96}9616​−2x2=9613​

2x2=396=1322x^2=\frac{3}{96}=\frac{1}{32}2x2=963​=321​

x2=164x^2=\frac{1}{64}x2=641​

x=18x=\frac18x=81​

Since 0<x<160<x<\frac160<x<61​, this is valid.


  1. Check options
  • A: 116\frac{1}{16}161​
  • B: 18\frac{1}{8}81​ ✅
  • C: 19\frac{1}{9}91​
  • D: 112\frac{1}{12}121​

So the correct option is B.


  1. Comparison with stored answer

Stored correct answer: B

Our derived answer: B

They agree.

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