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Probability question

2011 · Shift 0 · Q36
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  5. /2011 · Shift 0 · Q36

Probability question

2011 · Shift 0 · Q36

JEE MainMathematicsProbabilityMCQ+4 / −1
If CCC and DDD are two events such that C⊂DC \subset DC⊂D and P(D)e0,P\left( D \right) e 0,P(D)e0, then the correct statement among the following is :
  1. A
    P(CD)≥P(C)P\left( {{C \over D}} \right) \ge P\left( C \right)P(DC​)≥P(C)
  2. B
    P(CD)<P(C)P\left( {{C \over D}} \right) \lt P\left( C \right)P(DC​)<P(C)
  3. C
    P(CD)=P(D)P(C)P\left( {{C \over D}} \right) = {{P\left( D \right)} \over {P\left( C \right)}}P(DC​)=P(C)P(D)​
  4. D
    P(CD)=P(C)P\left( {{C \over D}} \right) = P\left( C \right)P(DC​)=P(C)
View written solutionFree

Correct answer: A

  1. Interpret the notation:

    P(CD)=P(C∣D)P\left(\frac{C}{D}\right) = P(C\mid D)P(DC​)=P(C∣D)

    i.e. the conditional probability of CCC given DDD.

  2. Use the definition of conditional probability:

    P(C∣D)=P(C∩D)P(D)P(C\mid D)=\frac{P(C\cap D)}{P(D)}P(C∣D)=P(D)P(C∩D)​

    given that P(D)≠0P(D)\ne 0P(D)=0.

  3. Since C⊂DC\subset DC⊂D, whenever CCC occurs, DDD also occurs. Therefore,

    C∩D=CC\cap D = CC∩D=C

    so

    P(C∣D)=P(C)P(D).P(C\mid D)=\frac{P(C)}{P(D)}.P(C∣D)=P(D)P(C)​.

  4. Now compare P(C∣D)P(C\mid D)P(C∣D) with P(C)P(C)P(C).

    Since C⊂DC\subset DC⊂D,

    P(C)≤P(D).P(C)\le P(D).P(C)≤P(D).

    Also, 0<P(D)≤10 < P(D) \le 10<P(D)≤1, hence

    1P(D)≥1.\frac{1}{P(D)} \ge 1.P(D)1​≥1.

    Multiplying by P(C)≥0P(C)\ge 0P(C)≥0,

    P(C)P(D)≥P(C).\frac{P(C)}{P(D)} \ge P(C).P(D)P(C)​≥P(C).

    Therefore,

    P(C∣D)≥P(C).P(C\mid D) \ge P(C).P(C∣D)≥P(C).

  5. Check the options:

    • A: P(CD)≥P(C)P\left(\frac{C}{D}\right) \ge P(C)P(DC​)≥P(C) ✅ correct
    • B: P(CD)<P(C)P\left(\frac{C}{D}\right) < P(C)P(DC​)<P(C) ❌ false
    • C: P(CD)=P(D)P(C)P\left(\frac{C}{D}\right) = \frac{P(D)}{P(C)}P(DC​)=P(C)P(D)​ ❌ false, actual formula is P(C)P(D)\frac{P(C)}{P(D)}P(D)P(C)​
    • D: P(CD)=P(C)P\left(\frac{C}{D}\right) = P(C)P(DC​)=P(C) ❌ not always true; equality only when P(D)=1P(D)=1P(D)=1 or P(C)=0P(C)=0P(C)=0

Hence the correct option is A.

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