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Probability question

2005 · Shift 0 · Q89
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Probability question

2005 · Shift 0 · Q89

JEE MainMathematicsProbabilityMCQ+4 / −1
Let AAA and BBB two events such that P(A∪B‾)=16,P(A∩B)=14P\left( {\overline {A \cup B} } \right) = {1 \over 6},P\left( {A \cap B} \right) = {1 \over 4}P(A∪B)=61​,P(A∩B)=41​ and P(A‾)=14,P\left( {\overline A } \right) = {1 \over 4},P(A)=41​, where A‾{\overline A }A stands for complement of event AAA. Then events AAA and BBB are :
  1. A
    equally likely and mutually exclusive
  2. B
    equally likely but not independent
  3. C
    independent but not equally likely
  4. D
    mutually exclusive and independent
View written solutionFree

Correct answer: C

  1. Given data

We have: P(A∪B‾)=16,P\big(\overline{A\cup B}\big)=\frac16,P(A∪B)=61​, P(A∩B)=14,P(A\cap B)=\frac14,P(A∩B)=41​, P(A‾)=14.P(\overline A)=\frac14.P(A)=41​.

We need to determine the relation between events AAA and BBB.


  1. Find P(A)P(A)P(A)

Since P(A‾)=14,P(\overline A)=\frac14,P(A)=41​, we get P(A)=1−14=34.P(A)=1-\frac14=\frac34.P(A)=1−41​=43​.


  1. Find P(A∪B)P(A\cup B)P(A∪B)

Using complement: P(A∪B)=1−P(A∪B‾)=1−16=56.P(A\cup B)=1-P\big(\overline{A\cup B}\big)=1-\frac16=\frac56.P(A∪B)=1−P(A∪B)=1−61​=65​.


  1. Use the addition formula to find P(B)P(B)P(B)

We know P(A∪B)=P(A)+P(B)−P(A∩B).P(A\cup B)=P(A)+P(B)-P(A\cap B).P(A∪B)=P(A)+P(B)−P(A∩B). So, 56=34+P(B)−14.\frac56=\frac34+P(B)-\frac14.65​=43​+P(B)−41​. Simplify: 56=12+P(B).\frac56=\frac12+P(B).65​=21​+P(B). Hence, P(B)=56−12=5−36=26=13.P(B)=\frac56-\frac12=\frac{5-3}{6}=\frac26=\frac13.P(B)=65​−21​=65−3​=62​=31​.

Thus, P(B)=13.P(B)=\frac13.P(B)=31​.


  1. Check whether AAA and BBB are equally likely

Two events are equally likely if P(A)=P(B).P(A)=P(B).P(A)=P(B). But here, P(A)=34,P(B)=13.P(A)=\frac34,\qquad P(B)=\frac13.P(A)=43​,P(B)=31​. Since 34≠13,\frac34\ne\frac13,43​=31​, AAA and BBB are not equally likely.


  1. Check whether they are mutually exclusive

Mutually exclusive means P(A∩B)=0.P(A\cap B)=0.P(A∩B)=0. But given, P(A∩B)=14≠0.P(A\cap B)=\frac14\ne 0.P(A∩B)=41​=0. So they are not mutually exclusive.


  1. Check whether they are independent

Independent events satisfy P(A∩B)=P(A)P(B).P(A\cap B)=P(A)P(B).P(A∩B)=P(A)P(B). Now, P(A)P(B)=34⋅13=14.P(A)P(B)=\frac34\cdot\frac13=\frac14.P(A)P(B)=43​⋅31​=41​. And given, P(A∩B)=14.P(A\cap B)=\frac14.P(A∩B)=41​. So, P(A∩B)=P(A)P(B),P(A\cap B)=P(A)P(B),P(A∩B)=P(A)P(B), therefore AAA and BBB are independent.


  1. Conclusion
  • Not equally likely
  • Independent
  • Not mutually exclusive

Hence the correct option is: C: independent but not equally likely\boxed{\text{C: independent but not equally likely}}C: independent but not equally likely​

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