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Permutations and Combinations question

2025 · 29 Jan · Shift 2 · Q44
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Permutations and Combinations question

2025 · 29 Jan · Shift 2 · Q44

JEE MainMathematicsPermutations and CombinationsMCQ+4 / −1
If all the words with or without meaning made using all the letters of the word "KANPUR" are arranged as in a dictionary, then the word at 440th position in this arrangement is :
  1. A
    PRNAKU
  2. B
    PRKAUN
  3. C
    PRKANU
  4. D
    PRNAUK
View written solutionFree

Correct answer: B

We need the 440th440^{\text{th}}440th word in the dictionary arrangement of all permutations of the letters of

KANPUR\text{KANPUR}KANPUR

The letters are all distinct:

A,K,N,P,R,UA, K, N, P, R, UA,K,N,P,R,U

Arranged alphabetically:

A<K<N<P<R<UA < K < N < P < R < UA<K<N<P<R<U

Total number of words:

6!=7206! = 7206!=720

We now locate the 440th440^{\text{th}}440th word step by step.


1. Find the first letter

For each fixed first letter, number of arrangements of remaining 5 letters is:

5!=1205! = 1205!=120

So the blocks are:

  • Positions 111 to 120120120: starts with AAA
  • Positions 121121121 to 240240240: starts with KKK
  • Positions 241241241 to 360360360: starts with NNN
  • Positions 361361361 to 480480480: starts with PPP
  • Positions 481481481 to 600600600: starts with RRR
  • Positions 601601601 to 720720720: starts with UUU

Since 440440440 lies in 361361361 to 480480480, the first letter is:

PPP

Relative position within the PPP-block:

440−360=80440 - 360 = 80440−360=80

So now we need the 80th80^{\text{th}}80th arrangement of the remaining letters:

A,K,N,R,UA, K, N, R, UA,K,N,R,U


2. Find the second letter

For each fixed second letter, arrangements of remaining 4 letters:

4!=244! = 244!=24

Alphabetical order of remaining letters:

A,K,N,R,UA, K, N, R, UA,K,N,R,U

Blocks inside the PPP-block:

  • PAPAPA: positions 111 to 242424
  • PKPKPK: positions 252525 to 484848
  • PNPNPN: positions 494949 to 727272
  • PRPRPR: positions 737373 to 969696
  • PUPUPU: positions 979797 to 120120120

The relative position is 808080, which lies in 737373 to 969696. So second letter is:

RRR

New relative position within the PRPRPR-block:

80−72=880 - 72 = 880−72=8

Now we need the 8th8^{\text{th}}8th arrangement of:

A,K,N,UA, K, N, UA,K,N,U


3. Find the third letter

For each fixed third letter, arrangements of remaining 3 letters:

3!=63! = 63!=6

Alphabetical order:

A,K,N,UA, K, N, UA,K,N,U

Blocks:

  • PRAPRAPRA: positions 111 to 666
  • PRKPRKPRK: positions 777 to 121212
  • PRNPRNPRN: positions 131313 to 181818
  • PRUPRUPRU: positions 191919 to 242424

The relative position is 888, which lies in 777 to 121212. So third letter is:

KKK

New relative position within the PRKPRKPRK-block:

8−6=28 - 6 = 28−6=2

Now we need the 2nd2^{\text{nd}}2nd arrangement of:

A,N,UA, N, UA,N,U


4. Find the fourth letter

For each fixed fourth letter, arrangements of remaining 2 letters:

2!=22! = 22!=2

Alphabetical order:

A,N,UA, N, UA,N,U

Blocks:

  • PRKAPRKAPRKA: positions 111 to 222
  • PRKNPRKNPRKN: positions 333 to 444
  • PRKUPRKUPRKU: positions 555 to 666

The relative position is 222, so it lies in the first block. Thus fourth letter is:

AAA

New relative position within PRKAPRKAPRKA:

222

Now arrange remaining letters:

N,UN, UN,U

Their dictionary order is:

  1. NUNUNU
  2. UNUNUN

The 2nd2^{\text{nd}}2nd arrangement is:

UNUNUN

So the full word is:

PRKAUN\boxed{PRKAUN}PRKAUN​


5. Compare with options

  • A: PRNAKUPRNAKUPRNAKU
  • B: PRKAUNPRKAUNPRKAUN
  • C: PRKANUPRKANUPRKANU
  • D: PRNAUKPRNAUKPRNAUK

Hence the correct option is:

B\boxed{\text{B}}B​


6. Comparison with stored correct answer

Stored correct answer: B\text{B}B

Our derived answer is also B\text{B}B, so they agree.

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