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Permutations and Combinations question

2023 · 30 Jan · Shift 1 · Q34
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Permutations and Combinations question

2023 · 30 Jan · Shift 1 · Q34

JEE MainMathematicsPermutations and CombinationsNumerical+4 / −1
Number of 4-digit numbers (the repetition of digits is allowed) which are made using the digits 1, 2, 3 and 5, and are divisible by 15, is equal to ‾\underline{\hspace{2cm}}​.
Numerical answer
View written solutionFree

Correct answer: 21

  1. Condition for divisibility by 15

A number is divisible by 151515 if and only if it is divisible by both 333 and 555.

So we need:

  • last digit must make it divisible by 555,
  • sum of digits must be divisible by 333.

  1. Digits available

The digits allowed are 1,2,3,51,2,3,51,2,3,5, and repetition is allowed.

For divisibility by 555, the last digit must be 555 (since 000 is not available).

So every valid 4-digit number has the form abcdabcdabcd with d=5d=5d=5.

Thus we only need to choose the first three digits from {1,2,3,5}\{1,2,3,5\}{1,2,3,5}.


  1. Divisibility by 3 condition

The sum of digits must be divisible by 333.

Since the last digit is 555, we need a+b+c+5≡0(mod3).a+b+c+5 \equiv 0 \pmod{3}.a+b+c+5≡0(mod3).

Now, 5≡2(mod3),5 \equiv 2 \pmod{3},5≡2(mod3), so a+b+c+2≡0(mod3)a+b+c+2 \equiv 0 \pmod{3}a+b+c+2≡0(mod3) which gives a+b+c≡1(mod3).a+b+c \equiv 1 \pmod{3}.a+b+c≡1(mod3).


  1. Residues of allowed digits modulo 3

The digits 1,2,3,51,2,3,51,2,3,5 give residues:

  • 1≡1(mod3)1 \equiv 1 \pmod{3}1≡1(mod3)
  • 2≡2(mod3)2 \equiv 2 \pmod{3}2≡2(mod3)
  • 3≡0(mod3)3 \equiv 0 \pmod{3}3≡0(mod3)
  • 5≡2(mod3)5 \equiv 2 \pmod{3}5≡2(mod3)

So for each of the first three positions, the possible residues are:

  • one digit of residue 000 : {3}\{3\}{3}
  • one digit of residue 111 : {1}\{1\}{1}
  • two digits of residue 222 : {2,5}\{2,5\}{2,5}

We need ordered triples (a,b,c)(a,b,c)(a,b,c) such that a+b+c≡1(mod3).a+b+c \equiv 1 \pmod{3}.a+b+c≡1(mod3).


  1. Count all ordered triples by residue cases

We count residue patterns of length 333 whose sum is 1(mod3)1 \pmod{3}1(mod3).

Possible residue combinations are:

Case 1: (1,0,0)(1,0,0)(1,0,0)

Sum =1=1=1.

Number of arrangements of residues: 3!2!=3.\frac{3!}{2!}=3.2!3!​=3. For each arrangement:

  • residue 111 digit can only be 111 : 111 choice,
  • each residue 000 digit can only be 333 : 111 choice each.

So total from this case: 3×1=3.3 \times 1 = 3.3×1=3.

Case 2: (2,2,0)(2,2,0)(2,2,0)

Sum =4≡1(mod3)=4 \equiv 1 \pmod{3}=4≡1(mod3).

Number of arrangements of residues: 3!2!=3.\frac{3!}{2!}=3.2!3!​=3. For each arrangement:

  • residue 000 digit: 111 choice (333),
  • each residue 222 digit: 222 choices (222 or 555).

So total from this case: 3×22=12.3 \times 2^2 = 12.3×22=12.

Case 3: (1,1,2)(1,1,2)(1,1,2)

Sum =4≡1(mod3)=4 \equiv 1 \pmod{3}=4≡1(mod3).

Number of arrangements of residues: 3!2!=3.\frac{3!}{2!}=3.2!3!​=3. For each arrangement:

  • each residue 111 digit: only 111 choice (111),
  • residue 222 digit: 222 choices (222 or 555).

So total from this case: 3×2=6.3 \times 2 = 6.3×2=6.


  1. Total count

Adding all valid cases: 3+12+6=21.3+12+6=21.3+12+6=21.

Therefore, the number of such 4-digit numbers is 21.\boxed{21}.21​.


  1. Comparison with stored answer

Stored correct answer = 212121.

Our derived answer is also 212121, so they agree.

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