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Permutations and Combinations question

2022 · 24 Jun · Shift 2 · Q39
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Permutations and Combinations question

2022 · 24 Jun · Shift 2 · Q39

JEE MainMathematicsPermutations and CombinationsNumerical+4 / −1
The number of 7-digit numbers which are multiples of 11 and are formed using all the digits 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7 and 9 is ‾\underline{\hspace{2cm}}​.
Numerical answer
View written solutionFree

Correct answer: 576

  1. Divisibility rule for 11

For a 7-digit number with digits d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d_1d_2d_3d_4d_5d_6d_7d1​d2​d3​d4​d5​d6​d7​, the number is divisible by 111111 if

(d1+d3+d5+d7)−(d2+d4+d6)(d_1+d_3+d_5+d_7) - (d_2+d_4+d_6)(d1​+d3​+d5​+d7​)−(d2​+d4​+d6​)

is a multiple of 111111.

Here the digits used are exactly 1,2,3,4,5,7,91,2,3,4,5,7,91,2,3,4,5,7,9.

Their total sum is

1+2+3+4+5+7+9=31.1+2+3+4+5+7+9 = 31.1+2+3+4+5+7+9=31.

Let

  • sum of digits in odd places =So= S_o=So​,
  • sum of digits in even places =Se= S_e=Se​.

Then

So+Se=31.S_o + S_e = 31.So​+Se​=31.

Also, divisibility by 111111 requires

So−Se≡0(mod11).S_o - S_e \equiv 0 \pmod{11}.So​−Se​≡0(mod11).

Since So−SeS_o-S_eSo​−Se​ must have same parity as 313131 (odd), it must be odd. Also its value lies between −(2+4+5)-(2+4+5)−(2+4+5) etc., so possible multiples of 111111 are only ±11\pm 11±11.

Thus either

So−Se=11orSo−Se=−11.S_o-S_e=11 \quad \text{or} \quad S_o-S_e=-11.So​−Se​=11orSo​−Se​=−11.
  1. Solve for the required sums

From

So+Se=31,S_o+S_e=31,So​+Se​=31,

we get:

  • If So−Se=11S_o-S_e=11So​−Se​=11, then

    2So=42⇒So=21,2S_o=42 \Rightarrow S_o=21,2So​=42⇒So​=21,

    so Se=10S_e=10Se​=10.

  • If So−Se=−11S_o-S_e=-11So​−Se​=−11, then

    2So=20⇒So=10,2S_o=20 \Rightarrow S_o=10,2So​=20⇒So​=10,

    so Se=21S_e=21Se​=21.

So the 4 digits in odd positions must sum to 212121 or 101010.

  1. Find subsets of 4 digits with required sum

We need 4 digits chosen from {1,2,3,4,5,7,9}\{1,2,3,4,5,7,9\}{1,2,3,4,5,7,9}.

Case A: odd-position digits sum to 212121

We need 4 digits summing to 212121.

Check combinations:

  • 1+4+7+9=211+4+7+9=211+4+7+9=21
  • 2+3+7+9=212+3+7+9=212+3+7+9=21
  • 2+4+5+102+4+5+102+4+5+10 not possible
  • 3+4+5+9=213+4+5+9=213+4+5+9=21

So the valid 4-digit sets are:

{1,4,7,9},{2,3,7,9},{3,4,5,9}\{1,4,7,9\},\quad \{2,3,7,9\},\quad \{3,4,5,9\}{1,4,7,9},{2,3,7,9},{3,4,5,9}

Hence there are 333 such selections.

Case B: odd-position digits sum to 101010

We need 4 digits summing to 101010.

Only possible set is

{1,2,3,4}.\{1,2,3,4\}.{1,2,3,4}.

Hence there is 111 such selection.

So total valid choices for the digits in odd positions:

3+1=4.3+1=4.3+1=4.
  1. Arrange digits in positions

There are 4 odd positions: 1,3,5,71,3,5,71,3,5,7 and 3 even positions: 2,4,62,4,62,4,6.

For any valid selection of 4 digits for odd positions:

  • arrange them in odd positions in 4!4!4! ways,
  • arrange the remaining 3 digits in even positions in 3!3!3! ways.

Thus for each valid selection, number of numbers formed is

4!⋅3!=24⋅6=144.4!\cdot 3! = 24\cdot 6 = 144.4!⋅3!=24⋅6=144.

Since there are 444 valid selections,

Total=4×144=576.\text{Total} = 4 \times 144 = 576.Total=4×144=576.
  1. Final answer
576\boxed{576}576​
  1. Comparison with stored answer

Stored correct answer = 576576576.

My derived answer also is 576576576, so they agree.

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