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Permutations and Combinations question

2022 · 25 Jun · Shift 1 · Q39
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Permutations and Combinations question

2022 · 25 Jun · Shift 1 · Q39

JEE MainMathematicsPermutations and CombinationsNumerical+4 / −1
The number of 3-digit odd numbers, whose sum of digits is a multiple of 7, is ‾\underline{\hspace{2cm}}​.
Numerical answer
View written solutionFree

Correct answer: 63

  1. Form of the number

Let the 3-digit odd number be abc‾\overline{abc}abc, where:

  • a∈{1,2,…,9}a \in \{1,2,\dots,9\}a∈{1,2,…,9} (hundreds digit, nonzero),
  • b∈{0,1,2,…,9}b \in \{0,1,2,\dots,9\}b∈{0,1,2,…,9},
  • c∈{1,3,5,7,9}c \in \{1,3,5,7,9\}c∈{1,3,5,7,9} (units digit, since the number is odd).

We need: a+b+c≡0(mod7).a+b+c \equiv 0 \pmod{7}.a+b+c≡0(mod7).

So we count all triples (a,b,c)(a,b,c)(a,b,c) satisfying this.


  1. Possible sums of digits

Since

  • minimum sum =1+0+1=2=1+0+1=2=1+0+1=2,
  • maximum sum =9+9+9=27=9+9+9=27=9+9+9=27,

the multiples of 777 possible are: 7,14,21.7,14,21.7,14,21.

So we count 3-digit odd numbers with digit sum equal to 777, 141414, or 212121.


  1. Count solutions for each odd unit digit

Fix the unit digit c∈{1,3,5,7,9}c \in \{1,3,5,7,9\}c∈{1,3,5,7,9}. Then we need: a+b=7−c,  14−c,  21−c.a+b = 7-c,\; 14-c,\; 21-c.a+b=7−c,14−c,21−c.

with constraints: 1≤a≤9,0≤b≤9.1 \le a \le 9, \qquad 0 \le b \le 9.1≤a≤9,0≤b≤9.

For a fixed value a+b=na+b=na+b=n, the number of solutions is the number of integers aaa such that 1≤a≤9,0≤n−a≤9.1 \le a \le 9, \qquad 0 \le n-a \le 9.1≤a≤9,0≤n−a≤9.

Equivalently, max⁡(1,n−9)≤a≤min⁡(9,n).\max(1,n-9) \le a \le \min(9,n).max(1,n−9)≤a≤min(9,n).

Now compute casewise.


Case 1: c=1c=1c=1

Then a+b=6,13,20.a+b=6,13,20.a+b=6,13,20.

  • For a+b=6a+b=6a+b=6: a=1a=1a=1 to 666 gives 666 solutions.
  • For a+b=13a+b=13a+b=13: a=4a=4a=4 to 999 gives 666 solutions.
  • For a+b=20a+b=20a+b=20: impossible since max a+b=18a+b=18a+b=18.

Total for c=1c=1c=1: 6+6=12.6+6=12.6+6=12.


Case 2: c=3c=3c=3

Then a+b=4,11,18.a+b=4,11,18.a+b=4,11,18.

  • For a+b=4a+b=4a+b=4: a=1a=1a=1 to 444 gives 444 solutions.
  • For a+b=11a+b=11a+b=11: a=2a=2a=2 to 999 gives 888 solutions.
  • For a+b=18a+b=18a+b=18: only (a,b)=(9,9)(a,b)=(9,9)(a,b)=(9,9), so 111 solution.

Total for c=3c=3c=3: 4+8+1=13.4+8+1=13.4+8+1=13.


Case 3: c=5c=5c=5

Then a+b=2,9,16.a+b=2,9,16.a+b=2,9,16.

  • For a+b=2a+b=2a+b=2: (a,b)=(1,1),(2,0)(a,b)=(1,1),(2,0)(a,b)=(1,1),(2,0), so 222 solutions.
  • For a+b=9a+b=9a+b=9: a=1a=1a=1 to 999, so 999 solutions.
  • For a+b=16a+b=16a+b=16: a=7,8,9a=7,8,9a=7,8,9 gives 333 solutions.

Total for c=5c=5c=5: 2+9+3=14.2+9+3=14.2+9+3=14.


Case 4: c=7c=7c=7

Then a+b=0,7,14.a+b=0,7,14.a+b=0,7,14.

  • For a+b=0a+b=0a+b=0: impossible since a≥1a\ge1a≥1.
  • For a+b=7a+b=7a+b=7: a=1a=1a=1 to 777 gives 777 solutions.
  • For a+b=14a+b=14a+b=14: a=5a=5a=5 to 999 gives 555 solutions.

Total for c=7c=7c=7: 0+7+5=12.0+7+5=12.0+7+5=12.


Case 5: c=9c=9c=9

Then a+b=−2,5,12.a+b=-2,5,12.a+b=−2,5,12.

  • For a+b=−2a+b=-2a+b=−2: impossible.
  • For a+b=5a+b=5a+b=5: a=1a=1a=1 to 555 gives 555 solutions.
  • For a+b=12a+b=12a+b=12: a=3a=3a=3 to 999 gives 777 solutions.

Total for c=9c=9c=9: 0+5+7=12.0+5+7=12.0+5+7=12.


  1. Add all cases

Total number of required 3-digit odd numbers: 12+13+14+12+12=63.12+13+14+12+12=63.12+13+14+12+12=63.


  1. Comparison with stored answer

Our derived answer is: 63\boxed{63}63​

This matches the stored correct answer.

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