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Permutations and Combinations question

2019 · 10 Jan · Shift 2 · Q37
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Permutations and Combinations question

2019 · 10 Jan · Shift 2 · Q37

JEE MainMathematicsPermutations and CombinationsMCQ+4 / −1
If ∑r=025{50Cr.50−rC25−r}=K(50C25),  \sum\limits_{r = 0}^{25} {\left\{ {{}^{50}{C_r}.{}^{50 - r}{C_{25 - r}}} \right\} = K\left( {^{50}{C_{25}}} \right)} ,\,\,r=0∑25​{50Cr​.50−rC25−r​}=K(50C25​), then K is equal to :
  1. A
    224
  2. B
    225 −-− 1
  3. C
    225
  4. D
    (25)2
View written solutionFree

Correct answer: C

  1. We need to evaluate
S=∑r=02550Cr 50−rC25−rS=\sum_{r=0}^{25} {^{50}C_r\,^{50-r}C_{25-r}}S=r=0∑25​50Cr​50−rC25−r​

and compare it with

S=K 50C25.S=K\,^{50}C_{25}.S=K50C25​.

So our goal is to find KKK.

  1. Use the standard combinatorial identity:
nCr n−rCm−r=nCm mCr.{}^nC_r\,{}^{n-r}C_{m-r} = {}^nC_m\,{}^mC_r.nCr​n−rCm−r​=nCm​mCr​.

Let us verify it quickly:

nCr n−rCm−r=n!r!(n−r)!⋅(n−r)!(m−r)!(n−m)!=n!r!(m−r)!(n−m)!.{}^nC_r\,{}^{n-r}C_{m-r} =\frac{n!}{r!(n-r)!}\cdot \frac{(n-r)!}{(m-r)!(n-m)!} =\frac{n!}{r!(m-r)!(n-m)!}.nCr​n−rCm−r​=r!(n−r)!n!​⋅(m−r)!(n−m)!(n−r)!​=r!(m−r)!(n−m)!n!​.

Also,

nCm mCr=n!m!(n−m)!⋅m!r!(m−r)!=n!r!(m−r)!(n−m)!.{}^nC_m\,{}^mC_r =\frac{n!}{m!(n-m)!}\cdot \frac{m!}{r!(m-r)!} =\frac{n!}{r!(m-r)!(n-m)!}.nCm​mCr​=m!(n−m)!n!​⋅r!(m−r)!m!​=r!(m−r)!(n−m)!n!​.

Hence they are equal.

  1. Apply this identity with n=50n=50n=50 and m=25m=25m=25:
50Cr 50−rC25−r=50C25 25Cr.{}^{50}C_r\,{}^{50-r}C_{25-r} = {}^{50}C_{25}\,{}^{25}C_r.50Cr​50−rC25−r​=50C25​25Cr​.

Therefore,

S=∑r=025(50C25 25Cr)=50C25∑r=02525Cr.S=\sum_{r=0}^{25} \left({}^{50}C_{25}\,{}^{25}C_r\right) = {}^{50}C_{25}\sum_{r=0}^{25} {}^{25}C_r.S=r=0∑25​(50C25​25Cr​)=50C25​r=0∑25​25Cr​.
  1. Now use the binomial identity:
∑r=02525Cr=225.\sum_{r=0}^{25} {}^{25}C_r = 2^{25}.r=0∑25​25Cr​=225.

So,

S=50C25⋅225.S = {}^{50}C_{25}\cdot 2^{25}.S=50C25​⋅225.

Comparing with

S=K 50C25,S=K\,{}^{50}C_{25},S=K50C25​,

we get

K=225.K=2^{25}.K=225.
  1. Match with the options:
  • A: 2242^{24}224
  • B: 225−12^{25}-1225−1
  • C: 2252^{25}225
  • D: (25)2=210(2^5)^2=2^{10}(25)2=210 or possibly ambiguous, but not 2252^{25}225

Hence the correct option is C.

So,

K=225.\boxed{K=2^{25}}.K=225​.
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