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Limits Continuity and Differentiability question

2019 · 11 Jan · Shift 1 · Q36
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Limits Continuity and Differentiability question

2019 · 11 Jan · Shift 1 · Q36

JEE MainMathematicsLimits Continuity and DifferentiabilityMCQ+4 / −1
Let f(x)={−1−2≤x<0x2−1,0≤x≤2f\left( x \right) = \left\{ {\begin{matrix} { - 1} & { - 2 \le x \lt 0} \\ {{x^2} - 1,} & {0 \le x \le 2} \\ \end{matrix} } \right.f(x)={−1x2−1,​−2≤x<00≤x≤2​ and g(x)=∣f(x)∣+f(∣x∣).g(x) = \left| {f\left( x \right)} \right| + f\left( {\left| x \right|} \right).g(x)=∣f(x)∣+f(∣x∣). Then, in the interval (–2, 2), g is :
  1. A
    non continuous
  2. B
    differentiable at all points
  3. C
    not differentiable at two points
  4. D
    not differentiable at one point
View written solutionFree

Correct answer: D

  1. Given functions
f(x)={−1,−2≤x<0x2−1,0≤x≤2f(x)= \begin{cases} -1, & -2\le x<0 \\ x^2-1, & 0\le x\le 2 \end{cases}f(x)={−1,x2−1,​−2≤x<00≤x≤2​

and

g(x)=∣f(x)∣+f(∣x∣).g(x)=|f(x)|+f(|x|).g(x)=∣f(x)∣+f(∣x∣).

We need to study continuity/differentiability of ggg in the interval (−2,2)(-2,2)(−2,2).


  1. Find f(∣x∣)f(|x|)f(∣x∣)

Since ∣x∣∈[0,2)|x|\in [0,2)∣x∣∈[0,2) for x∈(−2,2)x\in(-2,2)x∈(−2,2), we always use the second branch of fff:

f(∣x∣)=∣x∣2−1=x2−1.f(|x|)=|x|^2-1=x^2-1.f(∣x∣)=∣x∣2−1=x2−1.

So,

g(x)=∣f(x)∣+x2−1.g(x)=|f(x)|+x^2-1.g(x)=∣f(x)∣+x2−1.
  1. Find ∣f(x)∣|f(x)|∣f(x)∣ piecewise

Case 1: −2<x<0-2<x<0−2<x<0

Here,

f(x)=−1  ⟹  ∣f(x)∣=1.f(x)=-1 \implies |f(x)|=1.f(x)=−1⟹∣f(x)∣=1.

Hence

g(x)=1+x2−1=x2.g(x)=1+x^2-1=x^2.g(x)=1+x2−1=x2.

Case 2: 0≤x<20\le x<20≤x<2

Here,

f(x)=x2−1.f(x)=x^2-1.f(x)=x2−1.

Thus

∣f(x)∣=∣x2−1∣.|f(x)|=|x^2-1|.∣f(x)∣=∣x2−1∣.

Now split according to sign of x2−1x^2-1x2−1:

  • For 0≤x<10\le x<10≤x<1, x2−1<0x^2-1<0x2−1<0, so ∣x2−1∣=1−x2.|x^2-1|=1-x^2.∣x2−1∣=1−x2. Therefore, g(x)=(1−x2)+(x2−1)=0.g(x)=(1-x^2)+(x^2-1)=0.g(x)=(1−x2)+(x2−1)=0.

  • For 1≤x<21\le x<21≤x<2, x2−1≥0x^2-1\ge 0x2−1≥0, so ∣x2−1∣=x2−1.|x^2-1|=x^2-1.∣x2−1∣=x2−1. Therefore, g(x)=(x2−1)+(x2−1)=2x2−2.g(x)=(x^2-1)+(x^2-1)=2x^2-2.g(x)=(x2−1)+(x2−1)=2x2−2.

So overall,

g(x)={x2,−2<x<0,0,0≤x<1,2x2−2,1≤x<2.g(x)= \begin{cases} x^2, & -2<x<0,\\ 0, & 0\le x<1,\\ 2x^2-2, & 1\le x<2. \end{cases}g(x)=⎩⎨⎧​x2,0,2x2−2,​−2<x<0,0≤x<1,1≤x<2.​
  1. Check continuity

Potential trouble points are where formula changes: x=0x=0x=0 and x=1x=1x=1.

At x=0x=0x=0

Left limit:

lim⁡x→0−g(x)=lim⁡x→0−x2=0.\lim_{x\to 0^-} g(x)=\lim_{x\to 0^-} x^2=0.x→0−lim​g(x)=x→0−lim​x2=0.

Right limit:

lim⁡x→0+g(x)=lim⁡x→0+0=0.\lim_{x\to 0^+} g(x)=\lim_{x\to 0^+} 0=0.x→0+lim​g(x)=x→0+lim​0=0.

And

g(0)=0.g(0)=0.g(0)=0.

So ggg is continuous at x=0x=0x=0.

At x=1x=1x=1

Left limit:

lim⁡x→1−g(x)=0.\lim_{x\to 1^-} g(x)=0.x→1−lim​g(x)=0.

Right limit:

lim⁡x→1+g(x)=2(1)2−2=0.\lim_{x\to 1^+} g(x)=2(1)^2-2=0.x→1+lim​g(x)=2(1)2−2=0.

And

g(1)=2(1)2−2=0.g(1)=2(1)^2-2=0.g(1)=2(1)2−2=0.

So ggg is continuous at x=1x=1x=1.

Hence ggg is continuous throughout (−2,2)(-2,2)(−2,2).

So option A is false.


  1. Check differentiability

For −2<x<0-2<x<0−2<x<0

g(x)=x2  ⟹  g′(x)=2x.g(x)=x^2 \implies g'(x)=2x.g(x)=x2⟹g′(x)=2x.

Differentiable.

For 0<x<10<x<10<x<1

g(x)=0  ⟹  g′(x)=0.g(x)=0 \implies g'(x)=0.g(x)=0⟹g′(x)=0.

Differentiable.

For 1<x<21<x<21<x<2

g(x)=2x2−2  ⟹  g′(x)=4x.g(x)=2x^2-2 \implies g'(x)=4x.g(x)=2x2−2⟹g′(x)=4x.

Differentiable.

Now check the junctions.


  1. At x=0x=0x=0

Left derivative:

g−′(0)=lim⁡x→0−x2−0x=lim⁡x→0−x=0.g'_-(0)=\lim_{x\to 0^-} \frac{x^2-0}{x}=\lim_{x\to 0^-} x=0.g−′​(0)=x→0−lim​xx2−0​=x→0−lim​x=0.

Right derivative:

g+′(0)=lim⁡x→0+0−0x=0.g'_+(0)=\lim_{x\to 0^+} \frac{0-0}{x}=0.g+′​(0)=x→0+lim​x0−0​=0.

Thus,

g−′(0)=g+′(0)=0,g'_-(0)=g'_+(0)=0,g−′​(0)=g+′​(0)=0,

so ggg is differentiable at x=0x=0x=0.


  1. At x=1x=1x=1

Left derivative:

g−′(1)=0g'_-(1)=0g−′​(1)=0

since g(x)=0g(x)=0g(x)=0 for 0<x<10<x<10<x<1.

Right derivative:

g+′(1)=ddx(2x2−2)∣x=1=4.g'_+(1)=\left.\frac{d}{dx}(2x^2-2)\right|_{x=1}=4.g+′​(1)=dxd​(2x2−2)​x=1​=4.

Since

g−′(1)≠g+′(1),g'_-(1)\ne g'_+(1),g−′​(1)=g+′​(1),

ggg is not differentiable at x=1x=1x=1.


  1. Conclusion

In (−2,2)(-2,2)(−2,2), ggg is continuous everywhere and not differentiable at exactly one point, namely x=1x=1x=1.

Therefore the correct option is:

D: not differentiable at one point\boxed{\text{D: not differentiable at one point}}D: not differentiable at one point​
  1. Comparison with stored correct answer

Stored correct answer: D

Our derived answer: D

They agree.

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