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Differentiation question

2024 · 6 Apr · Shift 1 · Q38
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  5. /2024 · 6 Apr · Shift 1 · Q38

Differentiation question

2024 · 6 Apr · Shift 1 · Q38

JEE MainMathematicsDifferentiationMCQ+4 / −1
 If f(x)={x3sin⁡(1x),xeq00,x=0, then \text { If } f(x)=\left\{\begin{array}{ll} x^3 \sin \left(\frac{1}{x}\right), & x eq 0 \\ 0 & , x=0 \end{array}\right. \text {, then } If f(x)={x3sin(x1​),0​xeq0,x=0​, then 
  1. A
    f′′(0)=0f^{\prime \prime}(0)=0f′′(0)=0
  2. B
    f′′(0)=1f^{\prime \prime}(0)=1f′′(0)=1
  3. C
    f′′(2π)=24−π22πf^{\prime \prime}\left(\frac{2}{\pi}\right)=\frac{24-\pi^2}{2 \pi}f′′(π2​)=2π24−π2​
  4. D
    f′′(2π)=12−π22πf^{\prime \prime}\left(\frac{2}{\pi}\right)=\frac{12-\pi^2}{2 \pi}f′′(π2​)=2π12−π2​
View written solutionFree

Correct answer: C

  1. Given function
f(x)={x3sin⁡(1x),x≠00,x=0f(x)= \begin{cases} x^3\sin\left(\frac{1}{x}\right), & x\ne 0 \\ 0, & x=0 \end{cases}f(x)={x3sin(x1​),0,​x=0x=0​

We need to check the given statements about f′′(0)f''(0)f′′(0) and f′′(2π)f''\left(\frac{2}{\pi}\right)f′′(π2​).


  1. First derivative at x=0x=0x=0

By definition,

f′(0)=lim⁡h→0f(h)−f(0)h=lim⁡h→0h3sin⁡(1/h)h=lim⁡h→0h2sin⁡(1/h)f'(0)=\lim_{h\to 0}\frac{f(h)-f(0)}{h} =\lim_{h\to 0}\frac{h^3\sin(1/h)}{h} =\lim_{h\to 0} h^2\sin(1/h)f′(0)=h→0lim​hf(h)−f(0)​=h→0lim​hh3sin(1/h)​=h→0lim​h2sin(1/h)

Since ∣sin⁡(1/h)∣≤1|\sin(1/h)|\le 1∣sin(1/h)∣≤1,

∣h2sin⁡(1/h)∣≤h2→0|h^2\sin(1/h)|\le h^2 \to 0∣h2sin(1/h)∣≤h2→0

So,

f′(0)=0f'(0)=0f′(0)=0
  1. Second derivative at x=0x=0x=0

Using the definition,

f′′(0)=lim⁡h→0f′(h)−f′(0)h=lim⁡h→0f′(h)hf''(0)=\lim_{h\to 0}\frac{f'(h)-f'(0)}{h} =\lim_{h\to 0}\frac{f'(h)}{h}f′′(0)=h→0lim​hf′(h)−f′(0)​=h→0lim​hf′(h)​

So first find f′(x)f'(x)f′(x) for x≠0x\ne 0x=0.

For x≠0x\ne 0x=0,

f(x)=x3sin⁡(1x)f(x)=x^3\sin\left(\frac{1}{x}\right)f(x)=x3sin(x1​)

Differentiate using product rule:

f′(x)=3x2sin⁡(1x)+x3cos⁡(1x)(−1x2)f'(x)=3x^2\sin\left(\frac{1}{x}\right)+x^3\cos\left(\frac{1}{x}\right)\left(-\frac{1}{x^2}\right)f′(x)=3x2sin(x1​)+x3cos(x1​)(−x21​)

Hence,

f′(x)=3x2sin⁡(1x)−xcos⁡(1x)f'(x)=3x^2\sin\left(\frac{1}{x}\right)-x\cos\left(\frac{1}{x}\right)f′(x)=3x2sin(x1​)−xcos(x1​)

Therefore,

f′(h)h=3hsin⁡(1h)−cos⁡(1h)\frac{f'(h)}{h}=3h\sin\left(\frac{1}{h}\right)-\cos\left(\frac{1}{h}\right)hf′(h)​=3hsin(h1​)−cos(h1​)

Now as h→0h\to 0h→0:

  • 3hsin⁡(1/h)→03h\sin(1/h)\to 03hsin(1/h)→0
  • but cos⁡(1/h)\cos(1/h)cos(1/h) has no limit.

So the limit does not exist.

Hence,

f′′(0) does not existf''(0) \text{ does not exist}f′′(0) does not exist

Therefore:

  • A: f′′(0)=0f''(0)=0f′′(0)=0 is false
  • B: f′′(0)=1f''(0)=1f′′(0)=1 is false

  1. Second derivative for x≠0x\ne 0x=0

We already have

f′(x)=3x2sin⁡(1x)−xcos⁡(1x)f'(x)=3x^2\sin\left(\frac{1}{x}\right)-x\cos\left(\frac{1}{x}\right)f′(x)=3x2sin(x1​)−xcos(x1​)

Differentiate again:

f′′(x)=ddx(3x2sin⁡(1x))−ddx(xcos⁡(1x))f''(x)=\frac{d}{dx}\left(3x^2\sin\left(\frac{1}{x}\right)\right)-\frac{d}{dx}\left(x\cos\left(\frac{1}{x}\right)\right)f′′(x)=dxd​(3x2sin(x1​))−dxd​(xcos(x1​))

Now,

ddx(3x2sin⁡(1x))=6xsin⁡(1x)+3x2cos⁡(1x)(−1x2)\frac{d}{dx}\left(3x^2\sin\left(\frac{1}{x}\right)\right) =6x\sin\left(\frac{1}{x}\right)+3x^2\cos\left(\frac{1}{x}\right)\left(-\frac{1}{x^2}\right)dxd​(3x2sin(x1​))=6xsin(x1​)+3x2cos(x1​)(−x21​) =6xsin⁡(1x)−3cos⁡(1x)=6x\sin\left(\frac{1}{x}\right)-3\cos\left(\frac{1}{x}\right)=6xsin(x1​)−3cos(x1​)

Also,

ddx(xcos⁡(1x))=cos⁡(1x)+x[−sin⁡(1x)(−1x2)]\frac{d}{dx}\left(x\cos\left(\frac{1}{x}\right)\right) =\cos\left(\frac{1}{x}\right)+x\left[-\sin\left(\frac{1}{x}\right)\left(-\frac{1}{x^2}\right)\right]dxd​(xcos(x1​))=cos(x1​)+x[−sin(x1​)(−x21​)] =cos⁡(1x)+sin⁡(1/x)x=\cos\left(\frac{1}{x}\right)+\frac{\sin(1/x)}{x}=cos(x1​)+xsin(1/x)​

Thus,

f′′(x)=6xsin⁡(1x)−3cos⁡(1x)−cos⁡(1x)−sin⁡(1/x)xf''(x)=6x\sin\left(\frac{1}{x}\right)-3\cos\left(\frac{1}{x}\right)-\cos\left(\frac{1}{x}\right)-\frac{\sin(1/x)}{x}f′′(x)=6xsin(x1​)−3cos(x1​)−cos(x1​)−xsin(1/x)​

So,

f′′(x)=6xsin⁡(1x)−4cos⁡(1x)−sin⁡(1/x)xf''(x)=6x\sin\left(\frac{1}{x}\right)-4\cos\left(\frac{1}{x}\right)-\frac{\sin(1/x)}{x}f′′(x)=6xsin(x1​)−4cos(x1​)−xsin(1/x)​
  1. Evaluate at x=2πx=\frac{2}{\pi}x=π2​

If

x=2π⇒1x=π2x=\frac{2}{\pi} \quad \Rightarrow \quad \frac{1}{x}=\frac{\pi}{2}x=π2​⇒x1​=2π​

Then,

sin⁡(1x)=sin⁡(π2)=1,cos⁡(1x)=cos⁡(π2)=0\sin\left(\frac{1}{x}\right)=\sin\left(\frac{\pi}{2}\right)=1, \qquad \cos\left(\frac{1}{x}\right)=\cos\left(\frac{\pi}{2}\right)=0sin(x1​)=sin(2π​)=1,cos(x1​)=cos(2π​)=0

Substitute into f′′(x)f''(x)f′′(x):

f′′(2π)=6(2π)(1)−4(0)−12/πf''\left(\frac{2}{\pi}\right)=6\left(\frac{2}{\pi}\right)(1)-4(0)-\frac{1}{2/\pi}f′′(π2​)=6(π2​)(1)−4(0)−2/π1​ =12π−π2=\frac{12}{\pi}-\frac{\pi}{2}=π12​−2π​

Take LCM 2π2\pi2π:

12π−π2=24−π22π\frac{12}{\pi}-\frac{\pi}{2} =\frac{24-\pi^2}{2\pi}π12​−2π​=2π24−π2​

Hence,

f′′(2π)=24−π22πf''\left(\frac{2}{\pi}\right)=\frac{24-\pi^2}{2\pi}f′′(π2​)=2π24−π2​

So:

  • C is true
  • D is false

  1. Final conclusion

The only correct option is

C\boxed{\text{C}}C​
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