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Differential Equations question

2021 · 31 Aug · Shift 1 · Q34
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  5. /2021 · 31 Aug · Shift 1 · Q34

Differential Equations question

2021 · 31 Aug · Shift 1 · Q34

JEE MainMathematicsDifferential EquationsMCQ+4 / −1
If dydx=2x+y−2x2y{{dy} \over {dx}} = {{{2^{x + y}} - {2^x}} \over {{2^y}}}dxdy​=2y2x+y−2x​, y(0) = 1, then y(1) is equal to :
  1. A
    log2(2 + e)
  2. B
    log2(1 + e)
  3. C
    log2(2e)
  4. D
    log2(1 + e2)
View written solutionFree

Correct answer: B

  1. Simplify the differential equation

Given

dydx=2x+y−2x2y\frac{dy}{dx} = \frac{2^{x+y}-2^x}{2^y}dxdy​=2y2x+y−2x​

Factor 2x2^x2x in the numerator:

dydx=2x(2y−1)2y=2x(1−12y)\frac{dy}{dx} = \frac{2^x(2^y-1)}{2^y} = 2^x\left(1-\frac{1}{2^y}\right)dxdy​=2y2x(2y−1)​=2x(1−2y1​)

So,

dydx=2x(1−2−y)\frac{dy}{dx} = 2^x\left(1-2^{-y}\right)dxdy​=2x(1−2−y)
  1. Separate variables
dy1−2−y=2x dx\frac{dy}{1-2^{-y}} = 2^x\,dx1−2−ydy​=2xdx

Now simplify the left side:

1−2−y=1−12y=2y−12y1-2^{-y} = 1-\frac{1}{2^y} = \frac{2^y-1}{2^y}1−2−y=1−2y1​=2y2y−1​

Hence,

11−2−y=2y2y−1\frac{1}{1-2^{-y}} = \frac{2^y}{2^y-1}1−2−y1​=2y−12y​

Therefore,

2y2y−1 dy=2x dx\frac{2^y}{2^y-1}\,dy = 2^x\,dx2y−12y​dy=2xdx
  1. Integrate both sides

We need to evaluate

∫2y2y−1 dy\int \frac{2^y}{2^y-1}\,dy∫2y−12y​dy

Let

t=2y  ⟹  dt=2yln⁡2 dyt = 2^y \implies dt = 2^y\ln 2\,dyt=2y⟹dt=2yln2dy

so

dy=dttln⁡2dy = \frac{dt}{t\ln 2}dy=tln2dt​

Then

∫2y2y−1 dy=∫tt−1⋅dttln⁡2=1ln⁡2∫dtt−1\int \frac{2^y}{2^y-1}\,dy = \int \frac{t}{t-1}\cdot \frac{dt}{t\ln 2} = \frac{1}{\ln 2}\int \frac{dt}{t-1}∫2y−12y​dy=∫t−1t​⋅tln2dt​=ln21​∫t−1dt​

Thus,

∫2y2y−1 dy=1ln⁡2ln⁡∣t−1∣+C=1ln⁡2ln⁡(2y−1)+C\int \frac{2^y}{2^y-1}\,dy = \frac{1}{\ln 2}\ln|t-1|+C = \frac{1}{\ln 2}\ln(2^y-1)+C∫2y−12y​dy=ln21​ln∣t−1∣+C=ln21​ln(2y−1)+C

Also,

∫2x dx=2xln⁡2+C\int 2^x\,dx = \frac{2^x}{\ln 2}+C∫2xdx=ln22x​+C

So the integrated equation is

1ln⁡2ln⁡(2y−1)=2xln⁡2+C\frac{1}{\ln 2}\ln(2^y-1) = \frac{2^x}{\ln 2}+Cln21​ln(2y−1)=ln22x​+C

Multiplying by ln⁡2\ln 2ln2,

ln⁡(2y−1)=2x+C1\ln(2^y-1) = 2^x + C_1ln(2y−1)=2x+C1​
  1. Use the initial condition y(0)=1y(0)=1y(0)=1

At x=0x=0x=0, y=1y=1y=1:

ln⁡(21−1)=20+C1\ln(2^1-1) = 2^0 + C_1ln(21−1)=20+C1​ ln⁡(1)=1+C1\ln(1) = 1 + C_1ln(1)=1+C1​ 0=1+C1  ⟹  C1=−10 = 1 + C_1 \implies C_1 = -10=1+C1​⟹C1​=−1

Hence,

ln⁡(2y−1)=2x−1\ln(2^y-1) = 2^x - 1ln(2y−1)=2x−1

Exponentiating,

2y−1=e2x−12^y - 1 = e^{2^x-1}2y−1=e2x−1 2y=1+e2x−12^y = 1 + e^{2^x-1}2y=1+e2x−1

Therefore,

y=log⁡2(1+e2x−1)y = \log_2\left(1+e^{2^x-1}\right)y=log2​(1+e2x−1)
  1. Find y(1)y(1)y(1)

Substitute x=1x=1x=1:

y(1)=log⁡2(1+e21−1)=log⁡2(1+e)y(1)=\log_2\left(1+e^{2^1-1}\right)=\log_2(1+e)y(1)=log2​(1+e21−1)=log2​(1+e)
  1. Match with the options
y(1)=log⁡2(1+e)y(1)=\log_2(1+e)y(1)=log2​(1+e)

So the correct option is B.

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