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Differential Equations question

2005 · Shift 0 · Q86
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Differential Equations question

2005 · Shift 0 · Q86

JEE MainMathematicsDifferential EquationsMCQ+4 / −1
If xdydx=y(log⁡y−log⁡x+1),x{{dy} \over {dx}} = y\left( {\log y - \log x + 1} \right),xdxdy​=y(logy−logx+1), then the solution of the equation is :
  1. A
    ylog⁡(xy)=cxy\log \left( {{x \over y}} \right) = cxylog(yx​)=cx
  2. B
    xlog⁡(yx)=cyx\log \left( {{y \over x}} \right) = cyxlog(xy​)=cy
  3. C
    log⁡(yx)=cx\log \left( {{y \over x}} \right) = cxlog(xy​)=cx
  4. D
    log⁡(xy)=cy\log \left( {{x \over y}} \right) = cylog(yx​)=cy
View written solutionFree

Correct answer: C

  1. Given differential equation

xdydx=y(log⁡y−log⁡x+1)x\frac{dy}{dx}=y\left(\log y-\log x+1\right)xdxdy​=y(logy−logx+1)

We rewrite it as

dydx=yx(log⁡yx+1).\frac{dy}{dx}=\frac{y}{x}\left(\log \frac{y}{x}+1\right).dxdy​=xy​(logxy​+1).

  1. Use substitution

Since the expression contains log⁡(yx)\log\left(\frac{y}{x}\right)log(xy​), let

v=yx⇒y=vx.v=\frac{y}{x} \quad \Rightarrow \quad y=vx.v=xy​⇒y=vx.

Then

dydx=v+xdvdx.\frac{dy}{dx}=v+x\frac{dv}{dx}.dxdy​=v+xdxdv​.

Substitute into the differential equation:

x(v+xdvdx)=vx(log⁡v+1).x\left(v+x\frac{dv}{dx}\right)=vx\left(\log v+1\right).x(v+xdxdv​)=vx(logv+1).

Divide by xxx:

v+xdvdx=v(log⁡v+1).v+x\frac{dv}{dx}=v(\log v+1).v+xdxdv​=v(logv+1).

So,

xdvdx=vlog⁡v.x\frac{dv}{dx}=v\log v.xdxdv​=vlogv.

  1. Separate variables

dvvlog⁡v=dxx.\frac{dv}{v\log v}=\frac{dx}{x}.vlogvdv​=xdx​.

Integrate both sides:

∫dvvlog⁡v=∫dxx.\int \frac{dv}{v\log v}=\int \frac{dx}{x}.∫vlogvdv​=∫xdx​.

Now,

so we get

log⁡∣log⁡v∣=log⁡∣x∣+C.\log|\log v|=\log|x|+C.log∣logv∣=log∣x∣+C.

This implies

log⁡v=Cx\log v=Cxlogv=Cx

(after absorbing constants appropriately).

Since v=yxv=\frac{y}{x}v=xy​,

log⁡(yx)=Cx.\log\left(\frac{y}{x}\right)=Cx.log(xy​)=Cx.

  1. Match with options

This is exactly:

log⁡(yx)=cx\boxed{\log\left(\frac{y}{x}\right)=cx}log(xy​)=cx​

So the correct option is C.

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