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We need to evaluate
I=∫01(x21+x14+x7)(2x14+3x7+6)1/7dx.
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First, factor the polynomial:
x21+x14+x7=x7(x14+x7+1).
Let
t=2x14+3x7+6.
Then
dxdt=28x13+21x6=7x6(4x7+3).
This does not directly match the given factor, so we try a better substitution.
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Let
u=x7.
Then
du=7x6dx,dx=71u−6/7du.
Also,
x21=u3,x14=u2,x7=u.
Hence
x21+x14+x7=u3+u2+u=u(u2+u+1).
And
2x14+3x7+6=2u2+3u+6.
So
I=71∫01(u3+u2+u)(2u2+3u+6)1/7u−6/7du.
This becomes messy, so instead we look for a derivative pattern in terms of x7.
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Observe that if
F(x)=(2x14+3x7+6)8/7,
then
F′(x)=78(2x14+3x7+6)1/7(28x13+21x6).
So
F′(x)=8(2x14+3x7+6)1/7(4x13+3x6).
Still not matching.
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Now use the substitution
u=x7+x71?
No, that is not suitable on [0,1].
Instead notice:
x21+x14+x7=x7(x14+x7+1).
Let
t=2x14+3x7+6.
Then
dt=7x6(4x7+3)dx.
This suggests writing the integrand in terms of x7 and then using y=x7.
- Put
y=x7⇒x=y1/7,dx=71y−6/7dy.
Then
That is
I=71∫01y1/7(y2+y+1)(2y2+3y+6)1/7dy.
Now note that
2y2+3y+6=(y+2)(2y+3),
not especially useful.
- Try another substitution:
t=(2x14+3x7+6)8/7.
But a cleaner route is to observe
x21+x14+x7=x7⋅?(4x7+3)x7+?
This is cumbersome.
Let us instead set
u=2x14+3x7+6.
Write y=x7, so u=2y2+3y+6.
Then
du=(4y+3)dy.
Also,
y3+y2+y=y(y2+y+1).
Now divide:
y3+y2+y=41(4y+3)(y2+⋯)
But this again is not direct.
- So try to express the integral as an exact derivative:
Assume
dxd[xa(2x14+3x7+6)8/7]
may generate the integrand.
Take
G(x)=x8(2x14+3x7+6)8/7.
Then
\begin{align*}
G'(x)&=8x^7(2x^{14}+3x^7+6)^{8/7}
+x^8\cdot \frac87(2x^{14}+3x^7+6)^{1/7}(28x^{13}+21x^6)\
&=8x^7(2x^{14}+3x^7+6)^{1/7}\Big[(2x^{14}+3x^7+6)+x^7(4x^7+3)\Big]\
&=8x^7(2x^{14}+3x^7+6)^{1/7}(6x^{14}+6x^7+6)\
&=48(x^{21}+x^{14}+x^7)(2x^{14}+3x^7+6)^{1/7}.
\end{align*}
This matches the integrand perfectly.
Hence
I=481[x8(2x14+3x7+6)8/7]01.
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Evaluate at the limits:
At x=1,
x8(2x14+3x7+6)8/7=1⋅(2+3+6)8/7=118/7.
At x=0,
x8(2x14+3x7+6)8/7=0.
Therefore
I=481118/7.
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Compare with
I=l1(11)m/n.
So,
l=48,m=8,n=7.
Thus
l+m+n=48+8+7=63.
Therefore the required integer is
63.