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Definite Integration question

2023 · 1 Feb · Shift 1 · Q35
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  5. /2023 · 1 Feb · Shift 1 · Q35

Definite Integration question

2023 · 1 Feb · Shift 1 · Q35

JEE MainMathematicsDefinite IntegrationNumerical+4 / −1
If ∫01(x21+x14+x7)(2x14+3x7+6)1/7dx=1l(11)m/n\int_{0}^{1}\left(x^{21}+x^{14}+x^{7}\right)\left(2 x^{14}+3 x^{7}+6\right)^{1 / 7} d x=\frac{1}{l}(11)^{m / n}∫01​(x21+x14+x7)(2x14+3x7+6)1/7dx=l1​(11)m/n where l,m,n∈N,ml, m, n \in \mathbb{N}, ml,m,n∈N,m and nnn are coprime then l+m+nl+m+nl+m+n is equal to ‾\underline{\hspace{2cm}}​.
Numerical answer
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Correct answer: 63

  1. We need to evaluate I=∫01(x21+x14+x7)(2x14+3x7+6)1/7dx.I=\int_{0}^{1}\left(x^{21}+x^{14}+x^{7}\right)\left(2x^{14}+3x^{7}+6\right)^{1/7}dx.I=∫01​(x21+x14+x7)(2x14+3x7+6)1/7dx.

  2. First, factor the polynomial: x21+x14+x7=x7(x14+x7+1).x^{21}+x^{14}+x^7=x^7(x^{14}+x^7+1).x21+x14+x7=x7(x14+x7+1).

Let t=2x14+3x7+6.t=2x^{14}+3x^7+6.t=2x14+3x7+6. Then dtdx=28x13+21x6=7x6(4x7+3).\frac{dt}{dx}=28x^{13}+21x^6=7x^6(4x^7+3).dxdt​=28x13+21x6=7x6(4x7+3). This does not directly match the given factor, so we try a better substitution.

  1. Let u=x7.u=x^7.u=x7. Then du=7x6dx,dx=17u−6/7du.du=7x^6dx,\qquad dx=\frac{1}{7}u^{-6/7}du.du=7x6dx,dx=71​u−6/7du. Also, x21=u3,x14=u2,x7=u.x^{21}=u^3,\quad x^{14}=u^2,\quad x^7=u.x21=u3,x14=u2,x7=u. Hence x21+x14+x7=u3+u2+u=u(u2+u+1).x^{21}+x^{14}+x^7=u^3+u^2+u=u(u^2+u+1).x21+x14+x7=u3+u2+u=u(u2+u+1). And 2x14+3x7+6=2u2+3u+6.2x^{14}+3x^7+6=2u^2+3u+6.2x14+3x7+6=2u2+3u+6. So I=17∫01(u3+u2+u)(2u2+3u+6)1/7u−6/7du.I=\frac17\int_0^1 (u^3+u^2+u)(2u^2+3u+6)^{1/7}u^{-6/7}du.I=71​∫01​(u3+u2+u)(2u2+3u+6)1/7u−6/7du. This becomes messy, so instead we look for a derivative pattern in terms of x7x^7x7.

  2. Observe that if F(x)=(2x14+3x7+6)8/7,F(x)=\left(2x^{14}+3x^7+6\right)^{8/7},F(x)=(2x14+3x7+6)8/7, then F′(x)=87(2x14+3x7+6)1/7(28x13+21x6).F'(x)=\frac87\left(2x^{14}+3x^7+6\right)^{1/7}(28x^{13}+21x^6).F′(x)=78​(2x14+3x7+6)1/7(28x13+21x6). So F′(x)=8(2x14+3x7+6)1/7(4x13+3x6).F'(x)=8\left(2x^{14}+3x^7+6\right)^{1/7}(4x^{13}+3x^6).F′(x)=8(2x14+3x7+6)1/7(4x13+3x6). Still not matching.

  3. Now use the substitution u=x7+1x7?u=x^7+\frac{1}{x^7}?u=x7+x71​? No, that is not suitable on [0,1][0,1][0,1].

Instead notice: x21+x14+x7=x7(x14+x7+1).x^{21}+x^{14}+x^7=x^7(x^{14}+x^7+1).x21+x14+x7=x7(x14+x7+1). Let t=2x14+3x7+6.t=2x^{14}+3x^7+6.t=2x14+3x7+6. Then dt=7x6(4x7+3)dx.dt=7x^6(4x^7+3)dx.dt=7x6(4x7+3)dx. This suggests writing the integrand in terms of x7x^7x7 and then using y=x7y=x^7y=x7.

  1. Put y=x7⇒x=y1/7,dx=17y−6/7dy.y=x^7\Rightarrow x=y^{1/7},\quad dx=\frac17 y^{-6/7}dy.y=x7⇒x=y1/7,dx=71​y−6/7dy. Then

That is I=17∫01y1/7(y2+y+1)(2y2+3y+6)1/7dy.I=\frac17\int_0^1 y^{1/7}(y^2+y+1)(2y^2+3y+6)^{1/7}dy.I=71​∫01​y1/7(y2+y+1)(2y2+3y+6)1/7dy. Now note that 2y2+3y+6=(y+2)(2y+3),2y^2+3y+6=(y+2)(2y+3),2y2+3y+6=(y+2)(2y+3), not especially useful.

  1. Try another substitution: t=(2x14+3x7+6)8/7.t=(2x^{14}+3x^7+6)^{8/7}.t=(2x14+3x7+6)8/7. But a cleaner route is to observe x21+x14+x7=x7⋅(4x7+3)x7+??x^{21}+x^{14}+x^7=x^7\cdot \frac{(4x^7+3)x^7+?}{?}x21+x14+x7=x7⋅?(4x7+3)x7+?​ This is cumbersome.

Let us instead set u=2x14+3x7+6.u=2x^{14}+3x^7+6.u=2x14+3x7+6. Write y=x7y=x^7y=x7, so u=2y2+3y+6u=2y^2+3y+6u=2y2+3y+6. Then du=(4y+3)dy.du=(4y+3)dy.du=(4y+3)dy. Also, y3+y2+y=y(y2+y+1).y^3+y^2+y=y(y^2+y+1).y3+y2+y=y(y2+y+1). Now divide: y3+y2+y=14(4y+3)(y2+⋯ )y^3+y^2+y=\frac14(4y+3)(y^2+\cdots)y3+y2+y=41​(4y+3)(y2+⋯) But this again is not direct.

  1. So try to express the integral as an exact derivative: Assume ddx[xa(2x14+3x7+6)8/7]\frac{d}{dx}\left[x^a(2x^{14}+3x^7+6)^{8/7}\right]dxd​[xa(2x14+3x7+6)8/7] may generate the integrand.

Take G(x)=x8(2x14+3x7+6)8/7.G(x)=x^8(2x^{14}+3x^7+6)^{8/7}.G(x)=x8(2x14+3x7+6)8/7. Then \begin{align*} G'(x)&=8x^7(2x^{14}+3x^7+6)^{8/7} +x^8\cdot \frac87(2x^{14}+3x^7+6)^{1/7}(28x^{13}+21x^6)\ &=8x^7(2x^{14}+3x^7+6)^{1/7}\Big[(2x^{14}+3x^7+6)+x^7(4x^7+3)\Big]\ &=8x^7(2x^{14}+3x^7+6)^{1/7}(6x^{14}+6x^7+6)\ &=48(x^{21}+x^{14}+x^7)(2x^{14}+3x^7+6)^{1/7}. \end{align*} This matches the integrand perfectly.

Hence I=148[x8(2x14+3x7+6)8/7]01.I=\frac1{48}\left[x^8(2x^{14}+3x^7+6)^{8/7}\right]_0^1.I=481​[x8(2x14+3x7+6)8/7]01​.

  1. Evaluate at the limits: At x=1x=1x=1, x8(2x14+3x7+6)8/7=1⋅(2+3+6)8/7=118/7.x^8(2x^{14}+3x^7+6)^{8/7}=1\cdot(2+3+6)^{8/7}=11^{8/7}.x8(2x14+3x7+6)8/7=1⋅(2+3+6)8/7=118/7. At x=0x=0x=0, x8(2x14+3x7+6)8/7=0.x^8(2x^{14}+3x^7+6)^{8/7}=0.x8(2x14+3x7+6)8/7=0. Therefore I=148118/7.I=\frac{1}{48}11^{8/7}.I=481​118/7.

  2. Compare with I=1l(11)m/n.I=\frac1l(11)^{m/n}.I=l1​(11)m/n. So, l=48,m=8,n=7.l=48,\quad m=8,\quad n=7.l=48,m=8,n=7. Thus l+m+n=48+8+7=63.l+m+n=48+8+7=63.l+m+n=48+8+7=63.

Therefore the required integer is 63.\boxed{63}.63​.

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