We need to evaluate
I = ∫ 0 2.4 [ x 2 ] d x , I=\int_0^{2.4}[x^2] \, dx, I = ∫ 0 2.4 [ x 2 ] d x ,
where [ t ] [t] [ t ] denotes the greatest integer less than or equal to t t t .
1. Break the interval according to values of [ x 2 ] [x^2] [ x 2 ]
The value of [ x 2 ] [x^2] [ x 2 ] changes whenever x 2 x^2 x 2 crosses an integer.
For 0 ≤ x ≤ 2.4 0\le x\le 2.4 0 ≤ x ≤ 2.4 , we have
0 ≤ x 2 ≤ ( 2.4 ) 2 = 5.76. 0\le x^2\le (2.4)^2=5.76. 0 ≤ x 2 ≤ ( 2.4 ) 2 = 5.76.
So possible values of [ x 2 ] [x^2] [ x 2 ] are
0 , 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5. 0,1,2,3,4,5. 0 , 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5.
Now:
[ x 2 ] = 0 [x^2]=0 [ x 2 ] = 0 when 0 ≤ x 2 < 1 ⟹ 0 ≤ x < 1 0\le x^2<1 \implies 0\le x<1 0 ≤ x 2 < 1 ⟹ 0 ≤ x < 1
[ x 2 ] = 1 [x^2]=1 [ x 2 ] = 1 when 1 ≤ x 2 < 2 ⟹ 1 ≤ x < 2 1\le x^2<2 \implies 1\le x<\sqrt2 1 ≤ x 2 < 2 ⟹ 1 ≤ x < 2
[ x 2 ] = 2 [x^2]=2 [ x 2 ] = 2 when 2 ≤ x 2 < 3 ⟹ 2 ≤ x < 3 2\le x^2<3 \implies \sqrt2\le x<\sqrt3 2 ≤ x 2 < 3 ⟹ 2 ≤ x < 3
[ x 2 ] = 3 [x^2]=3 [ x 2 ] = 3 when 3 ≤ x 2 < 4 ⟹ 3 ≤ x < 2 3\le x^2<4 \implies \sqrt3\le x<2 3 ≤ x 2 < 4 ⟹ 3 ≤ x < 2
[ x 2 ] = 4 [x^2]=4 [ x 2 ] = 4 when 4 ≤ x 2 < 5 ⟹ 2 ≤ x < 5 4\le x^2<5 \implies 2\le x<\sqrt5 4 ≤ x 2 < 5 ⟹ 2 ≤ x < 5
[ x 2 ] = 5 [x^2]=5 [ x 2 ] = 5 when 5 ≤ x 2 < 6 ⟹ 5 ≤ x ≤ 2.4 5\le x^2<6 \implies \sqrt5\le x\le 2.4 5 ≤ x 2 < 6 ⟹ 5 ≤ x ≤ 2.4
Thus,
I = ∫ 0 1 0 d x + ∫ 1 2 1 d x + ∫ 2 3 2 d x + ∫ 3 2 3 d x + ∫ 2 5 4 d x + ∫ 5 2.4 5 d x . I=\int_0^1 0\,dx+\int_1^{\sqrt2}1\,dx+\int_{\sqrt2}^{\sqrt3}2\,dx+\int_{\sqrt3}^{2}3\,dx+\int_2^{\sqrt5}4\,dx+\int_{\sqrt5}^{2.4}5\,dx. I = ∫ 0 1 0 d x + ∫ 1 2 1 d x + ∫ 2 3 2 d x + ∫ 3 2 3 d x + ∫ 2 5 4 d x + ∫ 5 2.4 5 d x .
2. Compute each part
∫ 0 1 0 d x = 0 \int_0^1 0\,dx=0 ∫ 0 1 0 d x = 0
∫ 1 2 1 d x = 2 − 1 \int_1^{\sqrt2}1\,dx=\sqrt2-1 ∫ 1 2 1 d x = 2 − 1
∫ 2 3 2 d x = 2 ( 3 − 2 ) \int_{\sqrt2}^{\sqrt3}2\,dx=2(\sqrt3-\sqrt2) ∫ 2 3 2 d x = 2 ( 3 − 2 )
∫ 3 2 3 d x = 3 ( 2 − 3 ) = 6 − 3 3 \int_{\sqrt3}^{2}3\,dx=3(2-\sqrt3)=6-3\sqrt3 ∫ 3 2 3 d x = 3 ( 2 − 3 ) = 6 − 3 3
∫ 2 5 4 d x = 4 ( 5 − 2 ) = 4 5 − 8 \int_2^{\sqrt5}4\,dx=4(\sqrt5-2)=4\sqrt5-8 ∫ 2 5 4 d x = 4 ( 5 − 2 ) = 4 5 − 8
∫ 5 2.4 5 d x = 5 ( 2.4 − 5 ) = 12 − 5 5 \int_{\sqrt5}^{2.4}5\,dx=5(2.4-\sqrt5)=12-5\sqrt5 ∫ 5 2.4 5 d x = 5 ( 2.4 − 5 ) = 12 − 5 5
3. Add them
So,
I = ( 2 − 1 ) + 2 ( 3 − 2 ) + ( 6 − 3 3 ) + ( 4 5 − 8 ) + ( 12 − 5 5 ) . I=(\sqrt2-1)+2(\sqrt3-\sqrt2)+(6-3\sqrt3)+(4\sqrt5-8)+(12-5\sqrt5). I = ( 2 − 1 ) + 2 ( 3 − 2 ) + ( 6 − 3 3 ) + ( 4 5 − 8 ) + ( 12 − 5 5 ) .
Expand:
I = 2 − 1 + 2 3 − 2 2 + 6 − 3 3 + 4 5 − 8 + 12 − 5 5 . I=\sqrt2-1+2\sqrt3-2\sqrt2+6-3\sqrt3+4\sqrt5-8+12-5\sqrt5. I = 2 − 1 + 2 3 − 2 2 + 6 − 3 3 + 4 5 − 8 + 12 − 5 5 .
Combine like terms:
Constant terms: − 1 + 6 − 8 + 12 = 9 -1+6-8+12=9 − 1 + 6 − 8 + 12 = 9
2 \sqrt2 2 terms: 2 − 2 2 = − 2 \sqrt2-2\sqrt2=-\sqrt2 2 − 2 2 = − 2
3 \sqrt3 3 terms: 2 3 − 3 3 = − 3 2\sqrt3-3\sqrt3=-\sqrt3 2 3 − 3 3 = − 3
5 \sqrt5 5 terms: 4 5 − 5 5 = − 5 4\sqrt5-5\sqrt5=-\sqrt5 4 5 − 5 5 = − 5
Hence,
I = 9 − 2 − 3 − 5 . I=9-\sqrt2-\sqrt3-\sqrt5. I = 9 − 2 − 3 − 5 .
So,
α = 9 , β = − 1 , γ = − 1 , δ = − 1. \alpha=9,\quad \beta=-1,\quad \gamma=-1,\quad \delta=-1. α = 9 , β = − 1 , γ = − 1 , δ = − 1.
Therefore,
α + β + γ + δ = 9 − 1 − 1 − 1 = 6. \alpha+\beta+\gamma+\delta=9-1-1-1=6. α + β + γ + δ = 9 − 1 − 1 − 1 = 6.
4. Comparison with stored answer
Derived answer = 6 6 6 .
Stored correct answer = 6 6 6 .
They match.