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Definite Integration question

2021 · 31 Aug · Shift 2 · Q35
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  5. /2021 · 31 Aug · Shift 2 · Q35

Definite Integration question

2021 · 31 Aug · Shift 2 · Q35

JEE MainMathematicsDefinite IntegrationMCQ+4 / −1
If [x] is the greatest integer ≤\le≤ x, then π2∫02(sin⁡πx2)(x−[x])[x]dx{\pi ^2}\int\limits_0^2 {\left( {\sin {{\pi x} \over 2}} \right)(x - [x]} {)^{[x]}}dxπ20∫2​(sin2πx​)(x−[x])[x]dx is equal to :
  1. A
    2(π−\pi-π− 1)
  2. B
    4(π−\pi-π− 1)
  3. C
    4(π\piπ + 1)
  4. D
    2(π\piπ + 1)
View written solutionFree

Correct answer: B

  1. Interpret the integrand carefully

We need to evaluate

π2∫02(sin⁡πx2)(x−[x])[x] dx.\pi^2\int_0^2 \left(\sin \frac{\pi x}{2}\right)(x-[x])^{[x]}\,dx.π2∫02​(sin2πx​)(x−[x])[x]dx.

Here [x][x][x] is the greatest integer function.

Since the interval is [0,2][0,2][0,2], we split according to the value of [x][x][x]:

  • For 0≤x<10\le x<10≤x<1, [x]=0[x]=0[x]=0
  • For 1≤x<21\le x<21≤x<2, [x]=1[x]=1[x]=1

(The single point x=2x=2x=2 does not affect the integral.)

So,

(x−[x])[x]={(x−0)0=1,0≤x<1,(x−1)1=x−1,1≤x<2.(x-[x])^{[x]}= \begin{cases} (x-0)^0=1, & 0\le x<1,\\[4pt] (x-1)^1=x-1, & 1\le x<2. \end{cases}(x−[x])[x]={(x−0)0=1,(x−1)1=x−1,​0≤x<1,1≤x<2.​

Thus

I=π2∫02(sin⁡πx2)(x−[x])[x]dx=π2[∫01sin⁡πx2 dx+∫12(x−1)sin⁡πx2 dx].I=\pi^2\int_0^2 \left(\sin \frac{\pi x}{2}\right)(x-[x])^{[x]}dx =\pi^2\left[\int_0^1 \sin\frac{\pi x}{2}\,dx+\int_1^2 (x-1)\sin\frac{\pi x}{2}\,dx\right].I=π2∫02​(sin2πx​)(x−[x])[x]dx=π2[∫01​sin2πx​dx+∫12​(x−1)sin2πx​dx].
  1. First integral

Let

I1=∫01sin⁡πx2 dx.I_1=\int_0^1 \sin\frac{\pi x}{2}\,dx.I1​=∫01​sin2πx​dx.

Using

∫sin⁡(ax) dx=−cos⁡(ax)a,\int \sin(ax)\,dx=-\frac{\cos(ax)}{a},∫sin(ax)dx=−acos(ax)​,

with a=π2a=\frac{\pi}{2}a=2π​,

I1=[−2πcos⁡πx2]01=−2π(cos⁡π2−cos⁡0)=−2π(0−1)=2π.I_1=\left[-\frac{2}{\pi}\cos\frac{\pi x}{2}\right]_0^1 =-\frac{2}{\pi}\left(\cos\frac{\pi}{2}-\cos 0\right) =-\frac{2}{\pi}(0-1)=\frac{2}{\pi}.I1​=[−π2​cos2πx​]01​=−π2​(cos2π​−cos0)=−π2​(0−1)=π2​.
  1. Second integral

Let

I2=∫12(x−1)sin⁡πx2 dx.I_2=\int_1^2 (x-1)\sin\frac{\pi x}{2}\,dx.I2​=∫12​(x−1)sin2πx​dx.

Put

t=x−1⇒x=t+1,t=x-1 \quad \Rightarrow \quad x=t+1,t=x−1⇒x=t+1,

so when x=1x=1x=1, t=0t=0t=0, and when x=2x=2x=2, t=1t=1t=1. Then

I2=∫01tsin⁡π(t+1)2 dt.I_2=\int_0^1 t\sin\frac{\pi(t+1)}{2}\,dt.I2​=∫01​tsin2π(t+1)​dt.

Now,

sin⁡(πt2+π2)=cos⁡πt2,\sin\left(\frac{\pi t}{2}+\frac{\pi}{2}\right)=\cos\frac{\pi t}{2},sin(2πt​+2π​)=cos2πt​,

so

I2=∫01tcos⁡πt2 dt.I_2=\int_0^1 t\cos\frac{\pi t}{2}\,dt.I2​=∫01​tcos2πt​dt.

Use integration by parts:

  • u=t⇒du=dtu=t \Rightarrow du=dtu=t⇒du=dt
  • dv=cos⁡πt2 dt⇒v=2πsin⁡πt2dv=\cos\frac{\pi t}{2}\,dt \Rightarrow v=\frac{2}{\pi}\sin\frac{\pi t}{2}dv=cos2πt​dt⇒v=π2​sin2πt​

Hence

I2=[t⋅2πsin⁡πt2]01−∫012πsin⁡πt2 dt.I_2=\left[t\cdot \frac{2}{\pi}\sin\frac{\pi t}{2}\right]_0^1-\int_0^1 \frac{2}{\pi}\sin\frac{\pi t}{2}\,dt.I2​=[t⋅π2​sin2πt​]01​−∫01​π2​sin2πt​dt.

Evaluate the boundary term:

[t⋅2πsin⁡πt2]01=2πsin⁡π2=2π.\left[t\cdot \frac{2}{\pi}\sin\frac{\pi t}{2}\right]_0^1 =\frac{2}{\pi}\sin\frac{\pi}{2}=\frac{2}{\pi}.[t⋅π2​sin2πt​]01​=π2​sin2π​=π2​.

Now,

∫01sin⁡πt2 dt=2π\int_0^1 \sin\frac{\pi t}{2}\,dt=\frac{2}{\pi}∫01​sin2πt​dt=π2​

(from the same calculation as I1I_1I1​), so

I2=2π−2π⋅2π=2π−4π2.I_2=\frac{2}{\pi}-\frac{2}{\pi}\cdot \frac{2}{\pi} =\frac{2}{\pi}-\frac{4}{\pi^2}.I2​=π2​−π2​⋅π2​=π2​−π24​.
  1. Add the two parts

Therefore,

I=π2(I1+I2)=π2(2π+2π−4π2)=π2(4π−4π2).I=\pi^2\left(I_1+I_2\right) =\pi^2\left(\frac{2}{\pi}+\frac{2}{\pi}-\frac{4}{\pi^2}\right) =\pi^2\left(\frac{4}{\pi}-\frac{4}{\pi^2}\right).I=π2(I1​+I2​)=π2(π2​+π2​−π24​)=π2(π4​−π24​).

Simplify:

I=4π−4=4(π−1).I=4\pi-4=4(\pi-1).I=4π−4=4(π−1).
  1. Compare with options

The value is

4(π−1).\boxed{4(\pi-1)}.4(π−1)​.

So the correct option is B.


  1. Comparison with stored answer

Stored correct answer: B

Our derived answer: B

So they agree.

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