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Definite Integration question

2019 · 12 Apr · Shift 2 · Q36
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Definite Integration question

2019 · 12 Apr · Shift 2 · Q36

JEE MainMathematicsDefinite IntegrationMCQ+4 / −1
A value of α\alphaα such that ∫αα+1dx(x+α)(x+α+1)=log⁡e(98)\int\limits_\alpha ^{\alpha + 1} {{{dx} \over {\left( {x + \alpha } \right)\left( {x + \alpha + 1} \right)}}} = {\log _e}\left( {{9 \over 8}} \right)α∫α+1​(x+α)(x+α+1)dx​=loge​(89​) is :
  1. A
    2
  2. B
    - 2
  3. C
    12{1 \over 2}21​
  4. D
    −12-{1 \over 2}−21​
View written solutionFree

Correct answer: B

  1. We need to solve
∫αα+1dx(x+α)(x+α+1)=ln⁡(98).\int_{\alpha}^{\alpha+1} \frac{dx}{(x+\alpha)(x+\alpha+1)}=\ln\left(\frac98\right).∫αα+1​(x+α)(x+α+1)dx​=ln(89​).
  1. Use partial fractions:
1(x+α)(x+α+1)=1x+α−1x+α+1.\frac{1}{(x+\alpha)(x+\alpha+1)} =\frac{1}{x+\alpha}-\frac{1}{x+\alpha+1}.(x+α)(x+α+1)1​=x+α1​−x+α+11​.

So the integral becomes

I=∫αα+1(1x+α−1x+α+1)dx.I=\int_{\alpha}^{\alpha+1}\left(\frac{1}{x+\alpha}-\frac{1}{x+\alpha+1}\right)dx.I=∫αα+1​(x+α1​−x+α+11​)dx.
  1. Integrate:
I=[ln⁡∣x+α∣−ln⁡∣x+α+1∣]αα+1.I=\left[\ln|x+\alpha|-\ln|x+\alpha+1|\right]_{\alpha}^{\alpha+1}.I=[ln∣x+α∣−ln∣x+α+1∣]αα+1​.
  1. Substitute limits. At x=α+1x=\alpha+1x=α+1:
ln⁡∣2α+1∣−ln⁡∣2α+2∣.\ln|2\alpha+1|-\ln|2\alpha+2|.ln∣2α+1∣−ln∣2α+2∣.

At x=αx=\alphax=α:

ln⁡∣2α∣−ln⁡∣2α+1∣.\ln|2\alpha|-\ln|2\alpha+1|.ln∣2α∣−ln∣2α+1∣.

Hence,

I=ln⁡∣2α+1∣−ln⁡∣2α+2∣−ln⁡∣2α∣+ln⁡∣2α+1∣.I=\ln|2\alpha+1|-\ln|2\alpha+2|-\ln|2\alpha|+\ln|2\alpha+1|.I=ln∣2α+1∣−ln∣2α+2∣−ln∣2α∣+ln∣2α+1∣.

So,

I=ln⁡((2α+1)2(2α)(2α+2)).I=\ln\left(\frac{(2\alpha+1)^2}{(2\alpha)(2\alpha+2)}\right).I=ln((2α)(2α+2)(2α+1)2​).

Since (2α)(2α+2)=4α(α+1)(2\alpha)(2\alpha+2)=4\alpha(\alpha+1)(2α)(2α+2)=4α(α+1), we get

I=ln⁡((2α+1)24α(α+1)).I=\ln\left(\frac{(2\alpha+1)^2}{4\alpha(\alpha+1)}\right).I=ln(4α(α+1)(2α+1)2​).
  1. Given that
I=ln⁡(98),I=\ln\left(\frac98\right),I=ln(89​),

therefore

(2α+1)24α(α+1)=98.\frac{(2\alpha+1)^2}{4\alpha(\alpha+1)}=\frac98.4α(α+1)(2α+1)2​=89​.

Cross-multiply:

8(2α+1)2=9⋅4α(α+1).8(2\alpha+1)^2=9\cdot 4\alpha(\alpha+1).8(2α+1)2=9⋅4α(α+1). 2(2α+1)2=9α(α+1).2(2\alpha+1)^2=9\alpha(\alpha+1).2(2α+1)2=9α(α+1).

Expand:

2(4α2+4α+1)=9α2+9α2(4\alpha^2+4\alpha+1)=9\alpha^2+9\alpha2(4α2+4α+1)=9α2+9α 8α2+8α+2=9α2+9α8\alpha^2+8\alpha+2=9\alpha^2+9\alpha8α2+8α+2=9α2+9α α2+α−2=0.\alpha^2+\alpha-2=0.α2+α−2=0.

Factor:

(α+2)(α−1)=0.(\alpha+2)(\alpha-1)=0.(α+2)(α−1)=0.

Thus,

α=−2orα=1.\alpha=-2 \quad \text{or} \quad \alpha=1.α=−2orα=1.
  1. Now check validity of the integral. The integrand is
1(x+α)(x+α+1).\frac{1}{(x+\alpha)(x+\alpha+1)}.(x+α)(x+α+1)1​.

This is undefined at x=−αx=-\alphax=−α and x=−α−1x=-\alpha-1x=−α−1.

  • If α=1\alpha=1α=1, interval is [1,2][1,2][1,2], singularities are at x=−1,−2x=-1,-2x=−1,−2, which are outside the interval. Valid.
  • If α=−2\alpha=-2α=−2, interval is [−2,−1][-2,-1][−2,−1], singularities are at x=2,1x=2,1x=2,1, outside the interval. Valid.

So both values satisfy the equation.

  1. Verify directly:
  • For α=1\alpha=1α=1,
∫12dx(x+1)(x+2)=[ln⁡x+1x+2]12=ln⁡3/42/3=ln⁡98.\int_1^2 \frac{dx}{(x+1)(x+2)} =\left[\ln\frac{x+1}{x+2}\right]_1^2 =\ln\frac{3/4}{2/3}=\ln\frac98.∫12​(x+1)(x+2)dx​=[lnx+2x+1​]12​=ln2/33/4​=ln89​.
  • For α=−2\alpha=-2α=−2,
∫−2−1dx(x−2)(x−1)=[ln⁡x−2x−1]−2−1=ln⁡(−3)/(−2)(−4)/(−3)=ln⁡98.\int_{-2}^{-1} \frac{dx}{(x-2)(x-1)} =\left[\ln\frac{x-2}{x-1}\right]_{-2}^{-1} =\ln\frac{(-3)/(-2)}{(-4)/(-3)}=\ln\frac98.∫−2−1​(x−2)(x−1)dx​=[lnx−1x−2​]−2−1​=ln(−4)/(−3)(−3)/(−2)​=ln89​.

Both work.

  1. Therefore, from the given options, only −2\boxed{-2}−2​ is present. So the correct option among the choices is B.
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