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Binomial Theorem question

2025 · 29 Jan · Shift 2 · Q35
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  5. /2025 · 29 Jan · Shift 2 · Q35

Binomial Theorem question

2025 · 29 Jan · Shift 2 · Q35

JEE MainMathematicsBinomial TheoremMCQ+4 / −1
The remainder, when 71037^{103}7103 is divided by 23, is equal to:
  1. A
    9
  2. B
    6
  3. C
    14
  4. D
    17
View written solutionFree

Correct answer: C

  1. We need to find the remainder when 71037^{103}7103 is divided by 232323, i.e. compute 7103(mod23).7^{103} \pmod{23}.7103(mod23).

  2. Since 232323 is prime, we can use Fermat's Little Theorem: a22≡1(mod23)for a≢0(mod23).a^{22} \equiv 1 \pmod{23} \quad \text{for } a \not\equiv 0 \pmod{23}.a22≡1(mod23)for a≡0(mod23). So, 722≡1(mod23).7^{22} \equiv 1 \pmod{23}.722≡1(mod23).

  3. Reduce the exponent 103103103 modulo 222222: 103=22⋅4+15.103 = 22\cdot 4 + 15.103=22⋅4+15. Hence, 7103=722⋅4+15=(722)4⋅715≡14⋅715=715(mod23).7^{103} = 7^{22\cdot 4 + 15} = (7^{22})^4\cdot 7^{15} \equiv 1^4\cdot 7^{15} = 7^{15} \pmod{23}.7103=722⋅4+15=(722)4⋅715≡14⋅715=715(mod23).

  4. Now compute powers of 777 modulo 232323 step by step: 72=49≡3(mod23)7^2 = 49 \equiv 3 \pmod{23}72=49≡3(mod23) because 49−46=349-46=349−46=3.

Then, 74≡32=9(mod23).7^4 \equiv 3^2 = 9 \pmod{23}.74≡32=9(mod23).

Also, 78≡92=81≡12(mod23)7^8 \equiv 9^2 = 81 \equiv 12 \pmod{23}78≡92=81≡12(mod23) because 81−69=1281-69=1281−69=12.

  1. Write 715=78⋅74⋅72⋅7.7^{15} = 7^8\cdot 7^4\cdot 7^2\cdot 7.715=78⋅74⋅72⋅7. Therefore, 715≡12⋅9⋅3⋅7(mod23).7^{15} \equiv 12\cdot 9\cdot 3\cdot 7 \pmod{23}.715≡12⋅9⋅3⋅7(mod23).

  2. Simplify step by step: 12⋅9=108≡16(mod23)12\cdot 9 = 108 \equiv 16 \pmod{23}12⋅9=108≡16(mod23) because 108−92=16108-92=16108−92=16.

16⋅3=48≡2(mod23)16\cdot 3 = 48 \equiv 2 \pmod{23}16⋅3=48≡2(mod23) because 48−46=248-46=248−46=2.

2⋅7=14(mod23).2\cdot 7 = 14 \pmod{23}.2⋅7=14(mod23).

So, 7103≡14(mod23).7^{103} \equiv 14 \pmod{23}.7103≡14(mod23).

  1. Therefore, the remainder is 141414.

  2. Checking options:

  • A: 999 ❌
  • B: 666 ❌
  • C: 141414 ✅
  • D: 171717 ❌

Thus, the correct option is C.

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