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Application of Derivatives question

2022 · 27 Jul · Shift 2 · Q36
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  5. /2022 · 27 Jul · Shift 2 · Q36

Application of Derivatives question

2022 · 27 Jul · Shift 2 · Q36

JEE MainMathematicsApplication of DerivativesNumerical+4 / −1
A water tank has the shape of a right circular cone with axis vertical and vertex downwards. Its semi-vertical angle is tan⁡−134\tan ^{-1} \frac{3}{4}tan−143​. Water is poured in it at a constant rate of 6 cubic meter per hour. The rate (in square meter per hour), at which the wet curved surface area of the tank is increasing, when the depth of water in the tank is 4 meters, is ‾\underline{\hspace{2cm}}​.
Numerical answer
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Correct answer: 5

  1. Relate the cone dimensions

    The semi-vertical angle is tan⁡θ=34\tan \theta = \frac{3}{4}tanθ=43​

    For the water surface at depth hhh, radius rrr of the water cone satisfies rh=tan⁡θ=34\frac{r}{h} = \tan \theta = \frac{3}{4}hr​=tanθ=43​ so r=3h4.r = \frac{3h}{4}.r=43h​.

  2. Volume of water as a function of depth

    Volume of a cone: V=13πr2h.V = \frac{1}{3}\pi r^2 h.V=31​πr2h.

    Substitute r=3h4r = \frac{3h}{4}r=43h​:

    = \frac{1}{3}\pi \cdot \frac{9h^2}{16}\cdot h = \frac{3\pi}{16}h^3.$$
  3. Differentiate with respect to time

    Given dVdt=6 m3/hr.\frac{dV}{dt} = 6 \text{ m}^3/\text{hr}.dtdV​=6 m3/hr.

    Differentiate: dVdt=9π16h2dhdt.\frac{dV}{dt} = \frac{9\pi}{16} h^2 \frac{dh}{dt}.dtdV​=169π​h2dtdh​.

    At h=4h=4h=4: 6=9π16(4)2dhdt=9πdhdt.6 = \frac{9\pi}{16}(4)^2 \frac{dh}{dt} = 9\pi \frac{dh}{dt}.6=169π​(4)2dtdh​=9πdtdh​.

    Hence dhdt=69π=23π.\frac{dh}{dt} = \frac{6}{9\pi} = \frac{2}{3\pi}.dtdh​=9π6​=3π2​.

  4. Wet curved surface area of water

    Curved surface area of a cone is S=πrl,S = \pi r l,S=πrl, where lll is the slant height.

    Since r:h=3:4r:h = 3:4r:h=3:4, the slant height ratio is

    = \sqrt{\frac{9h^2}{16}+h^2} = \sqrt{\frac{25h^2}{16}} = \frac{5h}{4}.$$ Therefore $$S = \pi \cdot \frac{3h}{4} \cdot \frac{5h}{4} = \frac{15\pi}{16}h^2.$$
  5. Differentiate surface area

    dSdt=15π8hdhdt.\frac{dS}{dt} = \frac{15\pi}{8} h \frac{dh}{dt}.dtdS​=815π​hdtdh​.

    At h=4h=4h=4 and dhdt=23π\frac{dh}{dt} = \frac{2}{3\pi}dtdh​=3π2​: dSdt=15π8⋅4⋅23π.\frac{dS}{dt} = \frac{15\pi}{8}\cdot 4 \cdot \frac{2}{3\pi}.dtdS​=815π​⋅4⋅3π2​.

    Simplify: dSdt=15⋅4⋅28⋅3=5.\frac{dS}{dt} = \frac{15\cdot 4 \cdot 2}{8\cdot 3} = 5.dtdS​=8⋅315⋅4⋅2​=5.

  6. Final answer

    The rate at which the wet curved surface area is increasing is 5 m2/hr.\boxed{5} \text{ m}^2/\text{hr}.5​ m2/hr.

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