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Application of Derivatives question

2022 · 29 Jul · Shift 1 · Q40
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  5. /2022 · 29 Jul · Shift 1 · Q40

Application of Derivatives question

2022 · 29 Jul · Shift 1 · Q40

JEE MainMathematicsApplication of DerivativesMCQ+4 / −1
Let f(x)=3(x2−2)3+4,x∈Rf(x)=3^{\left(x^{2}-2\right)^{3}+4}, x \in \mathrm{R}f(x)=3(x2−2)3+4,x∈R. Then which of the following statements are true? P:x=0\mathrm{P}: x=0P:x=0 is a point of local minima of fQ:x=2f\mathrm{Q}: x=\sqrt{2}fQ:x=2​ is a point of inflection of fR:f′fR: f^{\prime}fR:f′ is increasing for x>2x\gt \sqrt{2}x>2​
  1. A
    Only P and Q
  2. B
    Only P and R
  3. C
    Only Q and R
  4. D
    All P, Q and R
View written solutionFree

Correct answer: D

Let f(x)=3(x2−2)3+4.f(x)=3^{(x^2-2)^3+4}.f(x)=3(x2−2)3+4.

We must test the statements:

  • PPP: x=0x=0x=0 is a point of local minima of fff
  • QQQ: x=2x=\sqrt2x=2​ is a point of inflection of fff
  • RRR: f′f'f′ is increasing for x>2x>\sqrt2x>2​

1. Rewrite the function

Let g(x)=(x2−2)3+4.g(x)=(x^2-2)^3+4.g(x)=(x2−2)3+4. Then f(x)=3g(x).f(x)=3^{g(x)}.f(x)=3g(x).

Since 3u3^u3u is strictly increasing in uuu, many features of fff can be studied using ggg.


2. First derivative

Using ddx(3g(x))=3g(x)ln⁡3 g′(x),\frac{d}{dx}(3^{g(x)})=3^{g(x)}\ln 3\, g'(x),dxd​(3g(x))=3g(x)ln3g′(x), we first compute g′(x)g'(x)g′(x): g′(x)=3(x2−2)2⋅2x=6x(x2−2)2.g'(x)=3(x^2-2)^2\cdot 2x=6x(x^2-2)^2.g′(x)=3(x2−2)2⋅2x=6x(x2−2)2. Hence f′(x)=3(x2−2)3+4(ln⁡3)⋅6x(x2−2)2.f'(x)=3^{(x^2-2)^3+4}(\ln 3)\cdot 6x(x^2-2)^2.f′(x)=3(x2−2)3+4(ln3)⋅6x(x2−2)2. So f′(x)=6(ln⁡3) x(x2−2)2 3(x2−2)3+4.f'(x)=6(\ln 3)\,x(x^2-2)^2\,3^{(x^2-2)^3+4}.f′(x)=6(ln3)x(x2−2)23(x2−2)3+4.

Because 3(x2−2)3+4>03^{(x^2-2)^3+4}>03(x2−2)3+4>0, (x2−2)2≥0(x^2-2)^2\ge 0(x2−2)2≥0, and ln⁡3>0\ln 3>0ln3>0, the sign of f′(x)f'(x)f′(x) is determined by xxx.

Thus:

  • for x<0x<0x<0, f′(x)<0f'(x)<0f′(x)<0 (except at x=−2x=-\sqrt2x=−2​ where f′=0f'=0f′=0),
  • for x>0x>0x>0, f′(x)>0f'(x)>0f′(x)>0 (except at x=2x=\sqrt2x=2​ where f′=0f'=0f′=0).

So the function decreases for x<0x<0x<0 and increases for x>0x>0x>0.

Therefore, x=0x=0x=0 is a local minimum point.

So PPP is true.


3. Check inflection at x=2x=\sqrt2x=2​

We need f′′(x)f''(x)f′′(x).

Write f′(x)=3g(x)ln⁡3 g′(x).f'(x)=3^{g(x)}\ln 3\, g'(x).f′(x)=3g(x)ln3g′(x). Then f′′(x)=3g(x)[(ln⁡3)2(g′(x))2+(ln⁡3)g′′(x)].f''(x)=3^{g(x)}\left[(\ln 3)^2(g'(x))^2+(\ln 3)g''(x)\right].f′′(x)=3g(x)[(ln3)2(g′(x))2+(ln3)g′′(x)]. So f′′(x)=3g(x)ln⁡3[(ln⁡3)(g′(x))2+g′′(x)].f''(x)=3^{g(x)}\ln 3\left[(\ln 3)(g'(x))^2+g''(x)\right].f′′(x)=3g(x)ln3[(ln3)(g′(x))2+g′′(x)].

Now compute g′′(x)g''(x)g′′(x): g′(x)=6x(x2−2)2.g'(x)=6x(x^2-2)^2.g′(x)=6x(x2−2)2. Differentiate: g′′(x)=6(x2−2)2+6x⋅2(x2−2)⋅2xg''(x)=6(x^2-2)^2+6x\cdot 2(x^2-2)\cdot 2xg′′(x)=6(x2−2)2+6x⋅2(x2−2)⋅2x =6(x2−2)2+24x2(x2−2)=6(x^2-2)^2+24x^2(x^2-2)=6(x2−2)2+24x2(x2−2) =6(x2−2)[(x2−2)+4x2]=6(x^2-2)\big[(x^2-2)+4x^2\big]=6(x2−2)[(x2−2)+4x2] =6(x2−2)(5x2−2).=6(x^2-2)(5x^2-2).=6(x2−2)(5x2−2).

Hence f′′(x)=3g(x)ln⁡3[(ln⁡3)(6x(x2−2)2)2+6(x2−2)(5x2−2)].f''(x)=3^{g(x)}\ln 3\left[(\ln 3)(6x(x^2-2)^2)^2+6(x^2-2)(5x^2-2)\right].f′′(x)=3g(x)ln3[(ln3)(6x(x2−2)2)2+6(x2−2)(5x2−2)].

Now examine near x=2x=\sqrt2x=2​. At x=2x=\sqrt2x=2​, we have x2−2=0x^2-2=0x2−2=0, so g′(2)=0,g′′(2)=0,g'(\sqrt2)=0,\qquad g''(\sqrt2)=0,g′(2​)=0,g′′(2​)=0, and therefore f′′(2)=0.f''(\sqrt2)=0.f′′(2​)=0.

But to test inflection, we need sign change of f′′f''f′′ around x=2x=\sqrt2x=2​.

Near x=2x=\sqrt2x=2​, the term (ln⁡3)(g′(x))2=(ln⁡3)⋅36x2(x2−2)4(\ln 3)(g'(x))^2=(\ln 3)\cdot 36x^2(x^2-2)^4(ln3)(g′(x))2=(ln3)⋅36x2(x2−2)4 is of order (x2−2)4(x^2-2)^4(x2−2)4, whereas g′′(x)=6(x2−2)(5x2−2)g''(x)=6(x^2-2)(5x^2-2)g′′(x)=6(x2−2)(5x2−2) is of order (x2−2)(x^2-2)(x2−2). So near x=2x=\sqrt2x=2​, the sign of the bracket is governed by g′′(x)=6(x2−2)(5x2−2).g''(x)=6(x^2-2)(5x^2-2).g′′(x)=6(x2−2)(5x2−2). Since near x=2x=\sqrt2x=2​, 5x2−2>05x^2-2>05x2−2>0, the sign of f′′(x)f''(x)f′′(x) is essentially the sign of (x2−2)(x^2-2)(x2−2).

Thus:

  • for x<2x<\sqrt2x<2​ and close to 2\sqrt22​, x2−2<0  ⟹  f′′(x)<0x^2-2<0 \implies f''(x)<0x2−2<0⟹f′′(x)<0,
  • for x>2x>\sqrt2x>2​ and close to 2\sqrt22​, x2−2>0  ⟹  f′′(x)>0x^2-2>0 \implies f''(x)>0x2−2>0⟹f′′(x)>0.

So f′′f''f′′ changes sign at x=2x=\sqrt2x=2​.

Therefore, x=2x=\sqrt2x=2​ is a point of inflection.

So QQQ is true.


4. Check whether f′f'f′ is increasing for x>2x>\sqrt2x>2​

For f′f'f′ to be increasing, we need f′′(x)>0for all x>2.f''(x)>0 \quad \text{for all } x>\sqrt2.f′′(x)>0for all x>2​.

From above, f′′(x)=3g(x)ln⁡3[(ln⁡3)(g′(x))2+g′′(x)].f''(x)=3^{g(x)}\ln 3\left[(\ln 3)(g'(x))^2+g''(x)\right].f′′(x)=3g(x)ln3[(ln3)(g′(x))2+g′′(x)]. For x>2x>\sqrt2x>2​:

  • 3g(x)>03^{g(x)}>03g(x)>0,
  • ln⁡3>0\ln 3>0ln3>0,
  • (ln⁡3)(g′(x))2≥0(\ln 3)(g'(x))^2\ge 0(ln3)(g′(x))2≥0,
  • and g′′(x)=6(x2−2)(5x2−2).g''(x)=6(x^2-2)(5x^2-2).g′′(x)=6(x2−2)(5x2−2).

If x>2x>\sqrt2x>2​, then x2−2>0x^2-2>0x2−2>0 and also 5x2−2>5⋅2−2=8>0.5x^2-2>5\cdot 2-2=8>0.5x2−2>5⋅2−2=8>0. Hence g′′(x)>0.g''(x)>0.g′′(x)>0. Therefore the whole bracket (ln⁡3)(g′(x))2+g′′(x)>0.(\ln 3)(g'(x))^2+g''(x)>0.(ln3)(g′(x))2+g′′(x)>0. So f′′(x)>0for all x>2.f''(x)>0 \qquad \text{for all } x>\sqrt2.f′′(x)>0for all x>2​. Thus f′f'f′ is increasing for x>2x>\sqrt2x>2​.

So RRR is true.


5. Final conclusion

All three statements P,Q,RP, Q, RP,Q,R are true.

Therefore the correct option is: D: All P, Q and R\boxed{D\text{: All P, Q and R}}D: All P, Q and R​


6. Comparison with stored answer

Stored correct answer: DDD

Our derived answer: DDD

So the derived answer agrees with the stored answer.

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