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Periodic Table and Periodicity question

2025 · 2 Apr · Shift 1 · Q4
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Periodic Table and Periodicity question

2025 · 2 Apr · Shift 1 · Q4

JEE MainChemistryPeriodic Table and PeriodicityMCQ+4 / −1
Given below are two statements : Statement (I) : The metallic radius of Al is less than that of Ga . Statement (II) : The ionic radius of Al3+\mathrm{Al}^{3+}Al3+ is less than that of Ga3+\mathrm{Ga}^{3+}Ga3+. In the light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below :
  1. A
    Statement I is correct but Statement II is incorrect
  2. B
    Both Statement I and Statement II are correct
  3. C
    Statement I is incorrect but Statement II is correct
  4. D
    Both Statement I and Statement II are incorrect
View written solutionFree

Correct answer: C

  1. Check Statement (I): Metallic radius of Al vs Ga

    Normally, on moving down a group, atomic/metallic radius should increase. So one may expect: r(Ga)>r(Al)r(\mathrm{Ga}) > r(\mathrm{Al})r(Ga)>r(Al)

    However, in group 13, gallium comes after the filling of 3d3d3d orbitals. The 3d3d3d electrons shield poorly, causing greater effective nuclear charge on the outer electrons of Ga. This is known as d-block contraction.

    As a result, Ga has an unexpectedly small atomic/metallic radius, and in fact: r(Ga)<r(Al)r(\mathrm{Ga}) < r(\mathrm{Al})r(Ga)<r(Al)

    Therefore, the statement

    "The metallic radius of Al is less than that of Ga" is incorrect.

  2. Check Statement (II): Ionic radius of Al3+\mathrm{Al}^{3+}Al3+ vs Ga3+\mathrm{Ga}^{3+}Ga3+

    For the ions Al3+\mathrm{Al}^{3+}Al3+ and Ga3+\mathrm{Ga}^{3+}Ga3+, gallium again experiences the effect of poor shielding by ddd-electrons before ion formation. Standard ionic radii show: r(Ga3+)>r(Al3+)r(\mathrm{Ga}^{3+}) > r(\mathrm{Al}^{3+})r(Ga3+)>r(Al3+)

    Hence, r(Al3+)<r(Ga3+)r(\mathrm{Al}^{3+}) < r(\mathrm{Ga}^{3+})r(Al3+)<r(Ga3+)

    So Statement (II) is correct.

  3. Conclusion

    • Statement (I): Incorrect
    • Statement (II): Correct

    Therefore, the correct option is: C\boxed{\text{C}}C​

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