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Periodic Table and Periodicity question

2025 · 4 Apr · Shift 2 · Q20
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Periodic Table and Periodicity question

2025 · 4 Apr · Shift 2 · Q20

JEE MainChemistryPeriodic Table and PeriodicityMCQ+4 / −1
The elements of Group 13 with highest and lowest first ionisation enthalpies are respectively :
  1. A
    B & Tl\mathrm{B} ~\&~ \mathrm{Tl}B & Tl
  2. B
    Tl &  B\mathrm{Tl} ~\& ~\mathrm{~B}Tl &  B
  3. C
    B & In⁡B ~\& ~\operatorname{In}B & In
  4. D
    B & GaB ~\& ~G aB & Ga
View written solutionFree

Correct answer: C

  1. Group 13 elements are: B, Al, Ga, In, Tl\mathrm{B,\, Al,\, Ga,\, In,\, Tl}B,Al,Ga,In,Tl

  2. We need the elements with highest and lowest first ionisation enthalpy.

  3. General trend down a group: ionisation enthalpy usually decreases because:

    • atomic size increases,
    • shielding increases,
    • valence electron is easier to remove.

    So one may expect: B highest, and Tl lowest\mathrm{B} \text{ highest, and } \mathrm{Tl} \text{ lowest}B highest, and Tl lowest

  4. But Group 13 shows irregularity due to poor shielding by d and f electrons.

    Approximate first ionisation enthalpies are:

    • B≈801 kJ mol−1\mathrm{B} \approx 801\ \text{kJ mol}^{-1}B≈801 kJ mol−1
    • Al≈578 kJ mol−1\mathrm{Al} \approx 578\ \text{kJ mol}^{-1}Al≈578 kJ mol−1
    • Ga≈579 kJ mol−1\mathrm{Ga} \approx 579\ \text{kJ mol}^{-1}Ga≈579 kJ mol−1
    • In≈558 kJ mol−1\mathrm{In} \approx 558\ \text{kJ mol}^{-1}In≈558 kJ mol−1
    • Tl≈589 kJ mol−1\mathrm{Tl} \approx 589\ \text{kJ mol}^{-1}Tl≈589 kJ mol−1
  5. From these values:

    • Highest first ionisation enthalpy = B\mathrm{B}B
    • Lowest first ionisation enthalpy = In\mathrm{In}In
  6. Therefore, the correct pair is: B & In\boxed{\mathrm{B\ \&\ In}}B & In​

  7. Option checking:

    • A: B&Tl\mathrm{B \& Tl}B&Tl → incorrect, since Tl\mathrm{Tl}Tl is not the lowest.
    • B: Tl&B\mathrm{Tl \& B}Tl&B → incorrect order and values.
    • C: B&In\mathrm{B \& In}B&In → correct.
    • D: B&Ga\mathrm{B \& Ga}B&Ga → incorrect, Ga\mathrm{Ga}Ga is not the lowest.

Hence, the correct answer is Option C.

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