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Electrochemistry question

2022 · 25 Jul · Shift 2 · Q19
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Electrochemistry question

2022 · 25 Jul · Shift 2 · Q19

JEE MainChemistryElectrochemistryNumerical+4 / −1
The spin-only magnetic moment value of M3+M^{3+}M3+ ion (in gaseous state) from the pairs Cr3+Cr^{3+}Cr3+ / Cr2+Cr^{2+}Cr2+, Mn3+Mn^{3+}Mn3+ / Mn2+Mn^{2+}Mn2+, Fe3+Fe^{3+}Fe3+ / Fe2+Fe^{2+}Fe2+ and Co3+Co^{3+}Co3+ / Co2+Co^{2+}Co2+ that has negative standard electrode potential, is ‾\underline{\hspace{2cm}}​ B.M. [Nearest integer]
Numerical answer
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Correct answer: 4

  1. We need to identify which metal pair among Cr3+/Cr2+, Mn3+/Mn2+, Fe3+/Fe2+, Co3+/Co2+Cr^{3+}/Cr^{2+},\ Mn^{3+}/Mn^{2+},\ Fe^{3+}/Fe^{2+},\ Co^{3+}/Co^{2+}Cr3+/Cr2+, Mn3+/Mn2+, Fe3+/Fe2+, Co3+/Co2+ has negative standard electrode potential for the reduction: M3++e−→M2+M^{3+}+e^- \rightarrow M^{2+}M3++e−→M2+

  2. Recall the standard reduction potentials:

    • Cr3++e−→Cr2+, E∘=−0.41 VCr^{3+}+e^- \rightarrow Cr^{2+},\ E^\circ = -0.41\,\text{V}Cr3++e−→Cr2+, E∘=−0.41V
    • Mn3++e−→Mn2+, E∘=+1.51 VMn^{3+}+e^- \rightarrow Mn^{2+},\ E^\circ = +1.51\,\text{V}Mn3++e−→Mn2+, E∘=+1.51V
    • Fe3++e−→Fe2+, E∘=+0.77 VFe^{3+}+e^- \rightarrow Fe^{2+},\ E^\circ = +0.77\,\text{V}Fe3++e−→Fe2+, E∘=+0.77V
    • Co3++e−→Co2+, E∘=+1.82 VCo^{3+}+e^- \rightarrow Co^{2+},\ E^\circ = +1.82\,\text{V}Co3++e−→Co2+, E∘=+1.82V
  3. The only pair with negative standard electrode potential is: Cr3+/Cr2+Cr^{3+}/Cr^{2+}Cr3+/Cr2+

  4. So we need the spin-only magnetic moment of Cr3+Cr^{3+}Cr3+ in gaseous state.

  5. Electronic configuration of chromium: Cr:[Ar]3d54s1Cr: [Ar]3d^5 4s^1Cr:[Ar]3d54s1

    Therefore, Cr3+:[Ar]3d3Cr^{3+}: [Ar]3d^3Cr3+:[Ar]3d3

  6. Number of unpaired electrons in Cr3+Cr^{3+}Cr3+ is: n=3n=3n=3

  7. Spin-only magnetic moment is: μ=n(n+2) B.M.\mu = \sqrt{n(n+2)}\,\text{B.M.}μ=n(n+2)​B.M.

    Substituting n=3n=3n=3: μ=3(3+2)=15≈3.87 B.M.\mu = \sqrt{3(3+2)} = \sqrt{15} \approx 3.87\,\text{B.M.}μ=3(3+2)​=15​≈3.87B.M.

  8. Nearest integer: 444

Therefore, the required answer is 4 B.M.

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