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Electrochemistry question

2020 · 4 Sep · Shift 2 · Q17
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Electrochemistry question

2020 · 4 Sep · Shift 2 · Q17

JEE MainChemistryElectrochemistryMCQ+4 / −1
250 mL of a waste solution obtained from the workshop of a goldsmith contains 0.1 M AgNO3AgNO_3AgNO3​ and 0.1 M AuClAuClAuCl. The solution was electrolyzed at 2V by passing a current of 1A for 15 minutes. The metal/metals electrodeposited will be [ EAg+/Ag0E_{A{g^ + }/Ag}^0EAg+/Ag0​= 0.80 V, EAu+/Au0E_{A{u^ + }/Au}^0EAu+/Au0​ = 1.69 V ]
  1. A
    Silver and gold in equal mass proportion
  2. B
    Silver and gold in proportion to their atomic weights
  3. C
    Only gold
  4. D
    Only silver
View written solutionFree

Correct answer: C

  1. Identify the ions present and their reduction potentials

The solution contains:

  • AgNO3⇒Ag+AgNO_3 \Rightarrow Ag^+AgNO3​⇒Ag+
  • AuCl⇒Au+AuCl \Rightarrow Au^+AuCl⇒Au+

Given standard reduction potentials: Ag++e−→Ag,E∘=0.80 VAg^+ + e^- \to Ag, \quad E^\circ = 0.80\,VAg++e−→Ag,E∘=0.80V Au++e−→Au,E∘=1.69 VAu^+ + e^- \to Au, \quad E^\circ = 1.69\,VAu++e−→Au,E∘=1.69V

Since E∘E^\circE∘ for Au+/AuAu^+/AuAu+/Au is higher, Au+Au^+Au+ is reduced more easily than Ag+Ag^+Ag+.


  1. Find initial moles of each ion

Volume of solution: V=250 mL=0.250 LV = 250\,mL = 0.250\,LV=250mL=0.250L

Concentration of each salt = 0.1 M0.1\,M0.1M

So moles of each ion initially: n(Ag+)=0.1×0.250=0.025 moln(Ag^+) = 0.1 \times 0.250 = 0.025\,moln(Ag+)=0.1×0.250=0.025mol n(Au+)=0.1×0.250=0.025 moln(Au^+) = 0.1 \times 0.250 = 0.025\,moln(Au+)=0.1×0.250=0.025mol


  1. Calculate total charge passed

Current passed: I=1 AI = 1\,AI=1A Time: t=15 min=900 st = 15\,min = 900\,st=15min=900s

Hence charge passed: Q=It=1×900=900 CQ = It = 1 \times 900 = 900\,CQ=It=1×900=900C

Moles of electrons supplied: n(e−)=QF=90096500≈9.33×10−3 moln(e^-) = \frac{Q}{F} = \frac{900}{96500} \approx 9.33 \times 10^{-3}\,moln(e−)=FQ​=96500900​≈9.33×10−3mol


  1. Compare required electrons with available electrons

Both reductions are one-electron processes: Ag++e−→AgAg^+ + e^- \to AgAg++e−→Ag Au++e−→AuAu^+ + e^- \to AuAu++e−→Au

To reduce all Au+Au^+Au+ present, required electrons would be: 0.025 mol0.025\,mol0.025mol

But available electrons are only: 0.00933 mol0.00933\,mol0.00933mol

So the total charge is insufficient to reduce all Au+Au^+Au+, and since Au+Au^+Au+ has the higher reduction potential, it will be discharged preferentially.

Thus only Au+Au^+Au+ gets reduced in the given time.


  1. Check whether silver can start depositing

As long as Au+Au^+Au+ is present, cathode potential required for gold deposition is more favorable than that for silver. Since the available charge cannot even exhaust all the gold ions, silver deposition does not begin.

Hence deposited metal is only gold.


  1. Correct option

C: Only gold\boxed{\text{C: Only gold}}C: Only gold​


  1. Comparison with stored answer

Stored correct answer: C

My derived answer: C

So, they agree.

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