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Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure question

2025 · 24 Jan · Shift 1 · Q10
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Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure question

2025 · 24 Jan · Shift 1 · Q10

JEE MainChemistryChemical Bonding and Molecular StructureMCQ+4 / −1
Which of the following linear combination of atomic orbitals will lead to formation of molecular orbitals in homonuclear diatomic molecules [internuclear axis in zzz-direction] ? A. 2pz2 \mathrm{p}_{\mathrm{z}}2pz​ and 2px2 \mathrm{p}_{\mathrm{x}}2px​ B. 2 s and 2px2 \mathrm{p}_{\mathrm{x}}2px​ C. 3dxy3 d_{x y}3dxy​ and 3dx2−y23 d_{x^2-y^2}3dx2−y2​ D. 2 s and 2pz2 \mathrm{p}_{\mathrm{z}}2pz​ E. 2pz2 p_z2pz​ and 3dx2−y23 d_{x^2-y^2}3dx2−y2​ Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
  1. A
    D Only
  2. B
    E Only
  3. C
    C and D Only
  4. D
    A and B Only
View written solutionFree

Correct answer: A

  1. Condition for combination of atomic orbitals (LCAO) to form molecular orbitals

For two atomic orbitals to combine effectively and form molecular orbitals, they must have:

  • comparable energies,
  • proper symmetry about the internuclear axis,
  • appreciable overlap.

Here the internuclear axis is the zzz-axis.


  1. Check each given pair

A. 2pz2p_z2pz​ and 2px2p_x2px​

  • 2pz2p_z2pz​ is symmetric around the internuclear (zzz) axis and forms a σ\sigmaσ-type orbital.
  • 2px2p_x2px​ is oriented perpendicular to the zzz-axis and forms a π\piπ-type orbital.
  • Since they have different symmetry about the internuclear axis, they cannot combine.

So, A is not possible.


B. 2s2s2s and 2px2p_x2px​

  • 2s2s2s is spherically symmetric.
  • 2px2p_x2px​ has π\piπ symmetry with respect to the zzz-axis.
  • Their symmetries do not match, so overlap cancels out.

So, B is not possible.


C. 3dxy3d_{xy}3dxy​ and 3dx2−y23d_{x^2-y^2}3dx2−y2​

  • Both are ddd orbitals lying in the xyxyxy-plane.
  • About the internuclear axis (zzz-axis), these do not have the same symmetry for effective overlap with each other in a homonuclear diatomic molecule.
  • Their overlap integrates to zero by symmetry.

So, C is not possible.


D. 2s2s2s and 2pz2p_z2pz​

  • Both are symmetric about the internuclear zzz-axis.
  • 2s2s2s and 2pz2p_z2pz​ can both have σ\sigmaσ symmetry.
  • Hence this linear combination is allowed and can form molecular orbitals.

So, D is possible.


E. 2pz2p_z2pz​ and 3dx2−y23d_{x^2-y^2}3dx2−y2​

  • 2pz2p_z2pz​ has σ\sigmaσ symmetry about the zzz-axis.
  • 3dx2−y23d_{x^2-y^2}3dx2−y2​ lies in the plane perpendicular to zzz and does not match this symmetry.
  • Hence they cannot combine effectively.

So, E is not possible.


  1. Final conclusion

Only option D leads to formation of molecular orbitals.

Therefore, the correct choice is:

D Only\boxed{\text{D Only}}D Only​

This corresponds to Option A.


  1. Comparison with stored answer

Stored correct answer: A

Our derived answer: A

They match.

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