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Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure question

2024 · 30 Jan · Shift 2 · Q6
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Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure question

2024 · 30 Jan · Shift 2 · Q6

JEE MainChemistryChemical Bonding and Molecular StructureMCQ+4 / −1
Given below are two statements: Statement - I: Since Fluorine is more electronegative than nitrogen, the net dipole moment of NF3\mathrm{NF}_3NF3​ is greater than NH3\mathrm{NH}_3NH3​. Statement - II: In NH3\mathrm{NH}_3NH3​, the orbital dipole due to lone pair and the dipole moment of NH\mathrm{NH}NH bonds are in opposite direction, but in NF3\mathrm{NF}_3NF3​ the orbital dipole due to lone pair and dipole moments of N-F bonds are in same direction. In the light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate from the options given below:
  1. A
    Statement I is true but Statement II is false.
  2. B
    Both Statement I and Statement II are true.
  3. C
    Both Statement I and Statement II are false.
  4. D
    Statement I is false but Statement II is true.
View written solutionFree

Correct answer: C

  1. Geometry of both molecules

Both NH3\mathrm{NH_3}NH3​ and NF3\mathrm{NF_3}NF3​ are trigonal pyramidal due to one lone pair on nitrogen.

So, the net dipole moment depends on:

  • dipole due to the three bond moments
  • dipole due to the lone pair (orbital dipole)

  1. Statement I analysis

Statement I says:

Since fluorine is more electronegative than nitrogen, the net dipole moment of NF3\mathrm{NF_3}NF3​ is greater than NH3\mathrm{NH_3}NH3​.

This is false.

Reason:

  • In NH3\mathrm{NH_3}NH3​, each N−H\mathrm{N-H}N−H bond dipole is directed towards nitrogen because N\mathrm{N}N is more electronegative than H\mathrm{H}H.
  • The lone pair on nitrogen also creates an orbital dipole in the same general direction as the resultant of bond dipoles.
  • Therefore, in NH3\mathrm{NH_3}NH3​, these effects add up, giving a relatively larger dipole moment.

For NF3\mathrm{NF_3}NF3​:

  • Each N−F\mathrm{N-F}N−F bond dipole is directed towards fluorine.
  • The resultant of the bond dipoles is opposite to the lone pair dipole.
  • Hence, they partially cancel, making the net dipole moment small.

Indeed,

μ(NH3)>μ(NF3)\mu(\mathrm{NH_3}) > \mu(\mathrm{NF_3})μ(NH3​)>μ(NF3​)

So Statement I is false.


  1. Statement II analysis

Statement II says:

In NH3\mathrm{NH_3}NH3​, the orbital dipole due to lone pair and the dipole moment of NH\mathrm{NH}NH bonds are in opposite direction, but in NF3\mathrm{NF_3}NF3​ the orbital dipole due to lone pair and dipole moments of N−F\mathrm{N-F}N−F bonds are in same direction.

This is also false because the actual situation is the reverse.

For NH3\mathrm{NH_3}NH3​:

  • Bond dipoles of N−H\mathrm{N-H}N−H point toward nitrogen.
  • The lone pair dipole is also on nitrogen side.
  • Thus, they are in the same direction, not opposite.

For NF3\mathrm{NF_3}NF3​:

  • Bond dipoles of N−F\mathrm{N-F}N−F point toward fluorine atoms.
  • The lone pair dipole is on nitrogen side.
  • Thus, they are in opposite directions, not same.

So Statement II is false.


  1. Conclusion
  • Statement I: False
  • Statement II: False

Therefore, the correct option is:

C\boxed{\text{C}}C​
  1. Comparison with stored answer

Stored correct answer = C\boxed{\text{C}}C​

My derived answer also = C\boxed{\text{C}}C​

So, the answer agrees with the stored correct answer.

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