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Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure question

2006 · Shift 0 · Q49
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Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure question

2006 · Shift 0 · Q49

JEE MainChemistryChemical Bonding and Molecular StructureMCQ+4 / −1
Which of the following molecules/ions does not contain unpaired electrons?
  1. A
    O22−O_2^{2−}O22−​
  2. B
    B2B_2B2​
  3. C
    N2+N_2^+N2+​
  4. D
    O2O_2O2​
View written solutionFree

Correct answer: A

  1. We need to identify the species that has no unpaired electrons, i.e. is diamagnetic.

  2. Use Molecular Orbital (MO) theory for each species.


Option A: O22−O_2^{2-}O22−​

For oxygen and beyond, the MO order is:

σ(2s)<σ∗(2s)<σ(2pz)<π(2px)=π(2py)<π∗(2px)=π∗(2py)<σ∗(2pz)\sigma(2s) < \sigma^*(2s) < \sigma(2p_z) < \pi(2p_x)=\pi(2p_y) < \pi^*(2p_x)=\pi^*(2p_y) < \sigma^*(2p_z)σ(2s)<σ∗(2s)<σ(2pz​)<π(2px​)=π(2py​)<π∗(2px​)=π∗(2py​)<σ∗(2pz​)

Total valence electrons in O2O_2O2​:

6+6=126+6=126+6=12

For O22−O_2^{2-}O22−​, add 2 electrons:

12+2=1412+2=1412+2=14

Filling MOs:

σ(2s)2 σ∗(2s)2 σ(2pz)2 (π(2px))2(π(2py))2 (π∗(2px))2(π∗(2py))2\sigma(2s)^2\,\sigma^*(2s)^2\,\sigma(2p_z)^2\,(\pi(2p_x))^2(\pi(2p_y))^2\,(\pi^*(2p_x))^2(\pi^*(2p_y))^2σ(2s)2σ∗(2s)2σ(2pz​)2(π(2px​))2(π(2py​))2(π∗(2px​))2(π∗(2py​))2

All electrons are paired.

So, O22−O_2^{2-}O22−​ is diamagnetic.


Option B: B2B_2B2​

For lighter molecules up to nitrogen, MO order is:

σ(2s)<σ∗(2s)<π(2px)=π(2py)<σ(2pz)\sigma(2s) < \sigma^*(2s) < \pi(2p_x)=\pi(2p_y) < \sigma(2p_z)σ(2s)<σ∗(2s)<π(2px​)=π(2py​)<σ(2pz​)

Each B has 3 electrons, so total electrons:

3+3=63+3=63+3=6

Valence electrons = 6. Filling gives:

σ(2s)2 σ∗(2s)2 (π(2px))1(π(2py))1\sigma(2s)^2\,\sigma^*(2s)^2\,(\pi(2p_x))^1(\pi(2p_y))^1σ(2s)2σ∗(2s)2(π(2px​))1(π(2py​))1

There are two unpaired electrons.

So, B2B_2B2​ is paramagnetic.


Option C: N2+N_2^+N2+​

Each N has 7 electrons, so total electrons in N2N_2N2​:

7+7=147+7=147+7=14

Thus N2+N_2^+N2+​ has:

14−1=1314-1=1314−1=13

Valence electrons in N2N_2N2​ are 10, so in N2+N_2^+N2+​ there are 9 valence electrons.

For N2N_2N2​, MO filling is:

σ(2s)2 σ∗(2s)2 (π(2px))2(π(2py))2 σ(2pz)2\sigma(2s)^2\,\sigma^*(2s)^2\,(\pi(2p_x))^2(\pi(2p_y))^2\,\sigma(2p_z)^2σ(2s)2σ∗(2s)2(π(2px​))2(π(2py​))2σ(2pz​)2

Removing one electron for N2+N_2^+N2+​ gives:

σ(2s)2 σ∗(2s)2 (π(2px))2(π(2py))2 σ(2pz)1\sigma(2s)^2\,\sigma^*(2s)^2\,(\pi(2p_x))^2(\pi(2p_y))^2\,\sigma(2p_z)^1σ(2s)2σ∗(2s)2(π(2px​))2(π(2py​))2σ(2pz​)1

There is one unpaired electron.

So, N2+N_2^+N2+​ is paramagnetic.


Option D: O2O_2O2​

O2O_2O2​ has 12 valence electrons. Filling gives:

σ(2s)2 σ∗(2s)2 σ(2pz)2 (π(2px))2(π(2py))2 (π∗(2px))1(π∗(2py))1\sigma(2s)^2\,\sigma^*(2s)^2\,\sigma(2p_z)^2\,(\pi(2p_x))^2(\pi(2p_y))^2\,(\pi^*(2p_x))^1(\pi^*(2p_y))^1σ(2s)2σ∗(2s)2σ(2pz​)2(π(2px​))2(π(2py​))2(π∗(2px​))1(π∗(2py​))1

There are two unpaired electrons.

So, O2O_2O2​ is paramagnetic.


Conclusion

Only O22−O_2^{2-}O22−​ has all electrons paired.

Therefore, the molecule/ion that does not contain unpaired electrons is:

A  (O22−)\boxed{A\; (O_2^{2-})}A(O22−​)​
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